Current Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

Loebinger, Michael R.; Welte, Tobias

doi:10.17925/erpd.2016.02.02.54

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The pathogenicities of the different NTM species vary widely and show geographical heterogeneity. Commonly, most NTMPD infections are caused by the MAC, M. abscessus, M. kansasii [25,26], M. fortuitum, M. chelonae [26], M. szulgai, M. gordonae, M. vaccae and M. smegmatis [20,27].…”

Section: Introduction To Genus Mycobacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…MAC organisms are common in many environmental sites, including water and soil, and in animals as well as colonize in natural water sources, indoor water systems, pools and hot tubs [28]. Previously, MAC, a slow growing NTM species has been composed of M. avium and [21,25,29]. MAC may cause progressive parenchymal lung disease and bronchiectasis in patients, particularly in middle-aged and elderly women without underlying lung diseases [30].…”

Section: Introduction To Genus Mycobacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Diseases¹

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in nature and opportunistically infect different animals, including humans. Currently, NTM is emerging as an important cause of pulmonary infection among both immunocompromised and immunocompetent persons worldwide. The clinical relevance of pulmonary NTM varies among species while showing geographical heterogeneity in distribution as well as pathogenicity. The outcome of the respiratory NTM disease is a consequence of a complex interplay between microbial factors and host susceptibility. Furthermore, HIV infection, cystic fibrosis, cancer, underlying chronic lung disease and history of tuberculosis (TB) may be associated as risk factors for active nontuberculosis pulmonary diseases (NTMPD). The diagnosis of NTMPD requires the presence of symptoms, radiographic evidences, microscopic observations and definitive laboratory diagnostics. Lung infections resulted from a clinically significant NTM species should be treated with appropriate antimicrobial regimen. M. leprae and M. lepraemurium are uncultivable and require the intracellular milieu for survival and propagation [4]. The obligatory causative agents of the genus Mycobacterium, responsible for TB are classified into Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC). It comprises M. tuberculosis, M.bovis, M. africanum, M. microti [5], M. canettii [6], M. caprae [7], M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9], M. orygis [10] and M. suricattae [11] species. M. tuberculosis, M. africanum, M. canettii and M. orygis cause TB primarily in human [4, 10], whereas M. bovis [12], M. microti [13], M. caprae [7] M. pinnipedii [8], M. mungi [9] and M. suricattae [11] infect cattle, domestic animals, goats, seals, mongooses and meerkats, respectively, and animal tuberculosis can also be zoonotic [14, 15]. However, geographical variation of the MTC species distribution has been identified. As an example, M. africanum is a common cause of human pulmonary TB (39%) as much as M. tuberculosis (55%) in West Africa [16]. In Ghana, 3% of pulmonary TB cases are represented by M. bovis, while 20% are M. africanum and 73% are M. tuberculosis [17].Other medically important mycobacteria such as M. avium, M. intracellulare complex, M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae complex, M. abscessus and M. scrofulaceum are known as nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) species or atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (MOTT). They are responsible for diseases including lymphadenitis in children, chronic pulmonary diseases, skin and soft-tissue diseases and infections of the skeletal system [18]. NTM are ubiquitous in nature and are widely distributed in water, soil and animals. Among prevailing NTM species, only a few species have a clinical impact on humans as opportunistic pathogens [19]. M. avium complex (MAC), M. abscessus, M. kansasii, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae, M. szulgai, M. triviale and M. scrofulaceum are common NTM species that cause pulmonary diseases in human [20]. Additionally, M. riyadhense was recently proposed as a cau...

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Section: Introduction To Genus Mycobacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Genus Mycobacteriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Diseases¹

2018

Mycobacterium - Research and Development

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Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease managed within UK primary care, 2006–2016

Axson

Bloom

Quint

2018

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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Previous UK studies investigating nontuberculous mycobacteria have been limited to reporting isolation from culture, not burden of disease. We assessed the burden of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease (NTMD) in UK primary care from 2006 to 2016. Using electronic healthcare records, we identified patients with NTMD using a strict definition including patients with guideline-directed treatment/monitoring. We described treatment regimens and incidence/prevalence in the general population and in patients with underlying chronic respiratory diseases. Incidence of primary care-managed NTMD in the general population decreased (2006 to 2016 rates per 100,000 person-years, 3.85 to 1.28). Average annual prevalence of NTMD in the general population was 6.38 per 100,000. Around 85% were taking antimycobacterial therapy; 53.2% were taking a guideline-recommended regimen. Incidence of NTMD in patients with respiratory disease decreased (2006 to 2016 rates per 100,000 person-years, 12.5 to 7.40). Average annual prevalence of NTMD in patients with respiratory disease was 27.7 per 100,000. This is the first UK study using nationally representative data to investigate the burden of NTMD managed within primary care. Incidence and prevalence of managed NTMD within primary care is gradually declining. Increasing complexity in the management of NTMD may be driving a shift in care to secondary settings.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s10096-018-3315-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Gefahr durch nicht tuberkulöse Mykobakterien wächst

Fath¹

2017

Pneumo News

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Current Perspectives in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Overview of Non Tuberculosis Mycobacterial Lung Diseases

Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease managed within UK primary care, 2006–2016

Gefahr durch nicht tuberkulöse Mykobakterien wächst

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