Current Perspectives of Cross-Country Mountain Biking: Physiological and Mechanical Aspects, Evolution of Bikes, Accidents and Injuries

Abstract

Mountain biking (MTB) is a cycling modality performed on a variety of unpaved terrain. Although the cross-country Olympic race is the most popular cross-country (XC) format, other XC events have gained increased attention. XC-MTB has repeatedly modified its rules and race format. Moreover, bikes have been modified throughout the years in order to improve riding performance. Therefore, the aim of this review was to present the most relevant studies and discuss the main results on the XC-MTB. Limited evidence on the topic suggests that the XC-MTB events present a variation in exercise intensity, demanding cardiovascular fitness and high power output. Nonetheless, these responses and demands seem to change according to each event. The characteristics of the cyclists differ according to the performance level, suggesting that these parameters may be important to achieve superior performance in XC-MTB. Moreover, factors such as pacing and ability to perform technical sections of the circuit might influence general performance. Bicycles equipped with front and rear suspension (i.e., full suspension) and 29″ wheels have been shown to be effective on the XC circuit. Lastly, strategies such as protective equipment, bike fit, resistance training and accident prevention measures can reduce the severity and the number of injuries.

Mechanical demands and pacing profile adopted by elite mountain bikers during different cross-country events

“…Mountain biking is an off-road cycling modality, which includes repeated technical uphill and downhill sections on a variety of terrain with many natural or man-made rock gardens, tree roots, mud and single tracks 2 . One of its most popular events is Cross-Country Olympic (XCO), which is included in the Olympic Games.…”

Modalidades Off-Road, Implicações Fisiológicas Na Saúde Do Atleta: Uma Revisão Integrativa Da Literatura

“…De maneira ampla o off-road pode ser definido como um conjunto de modalidades que utilizam veículos com duas rodas (motocicletas e bicicletas) ou mais rodas (quadriciclos, carros e entre outros) (3,4) . Essas modalidades podem ser competitivas -que avaliam a velocidade (rally e motocross), de regularidades (trial e enduro), e existem ainda as trilhas, que não tem caráter competitivo e são utilizadas como uma prática de lazer (5,6) .…”