Current perspectives on the interleukin‐1 family as targets for inflammatory disease

Abstract

Since the first description of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and the genesis of the field of cytokine biology, the understanding of how IL-1 and related cytokines play central orchestrating roles in the inflammatory response has been an area of intense investigation. As a consequence of these endeavours, specific strategies have been developed to target the function of the IL-1 family in human disease realizing significant impacts for patients. While the most significant advances to date have been associated with inhibition of the prototypical family members IL-1α/β, approaches to target more recently identified family members such as IL-18, IL-33 and the IL-36 subfamily are now beginning to come to fruition. This review summarizes current knowledge surrounding the roles of the IL-1 family in human disease and describes the rationale and strategies which have been developed to target these cytokines to inhibit the pathogenesis of a wide range of diseases in which inflammation plays a centrally important role.Keywords: Canakinumab r Inflammation r Inflammatory disease r Interleukin-1 family r Therapy

Evaluation of IL‐6 levels and +3954 polymorphism of IL‐1β in burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Further research, including different populations, is needed. The IL‐1 family of cytokines has been targeting by many researches in order to discover a therapeutic for patients with inflammatory diseases 43 . If +3954 C/T IL‐1β and/or higher levels of IL‐1 are present in patients with BMS, they can be relevant biomarkers, which may cause not only greater inflammation, but also aggravate BMS.…”

Keratinocyte interleukin-36 receptor expression orchestrates psoriasiform inflammation in mice

“…It has been previously reported that IL-36 family cytokines can promote their own expression in inflamed skin and possibly act in a feed forward fashion, in tandem with other pathogenic cytokines, to perpetuate inflammation and disease pathogenesis (Milora et al, 2015;Hernandez-Santana et al, 2019;Madonna et al, 2019). Therefore, we investigated whether loss of IL-36r activity among keratinocytes might alter the induction of IL-36 family gene expression in inflamed skin.…”

Thrombin: Coagulation's master regulator of innate immunity

“…It was first described in the late 1970s, and is considered a pivotal cytokine of the innate immune system. Indeed, therapies that block IL‐1 pathways are entering the clinic for a wide range of inflammatory syndromes …”

“…Indeed, therapies that block IL-1 pathways are entering the clinic for a wide range of inflammatory syndromes. 7 IL-1 exists in two forms, IL-1α and IL-1β, both of which are synthesized as ~33-kDa precursors that can be processed via proteolytic cleavage, to mature cytokines. 8 Our focus is on IL-1α, a key initiating pro-inflammatory factor, implicated in the pathogenesis/progression of several major disorders, including cardiovascular disease, neural inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer.…”