Current progress in black phosphorus materials and their applications in electrochemical energy storage

Qiu, Meng; Sun, Zhouting; Sang, David K.; Han, Xiaogang; Zhang, Han; Niu, Chunming

doi:10.1039/c7nr03318d

Cited by 220 publications

(104 citation statements)

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“…[9] Moreover, the capability to intercalate alkali metals can make BP a potential electrochemical reservoir for energy storage, similar to the graphite used for rechargeable ion batteries. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Doubtless, BP intercalation compounds are of both scientific and technological importance in multiple critical fields, but the fundamental understanding of the underlying intercalation mechanism remains largely elusive. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Doubtless, BP intercalation compounds are of both scientific and technological importance in multiple critical fields, but the fundamental understanding of the underlying intercalation mechanism remains largely elusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

et al. 2019

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can also accommodate foreign species in its interlayer spacing via intercalation, and it has been found that alkali metal intercalated BP can lead to the tunable bandgap [8] and also exhibit superconductivity. [9] Moreover, the capability to intercalate alkali metals can make BP a potential electrochemical reservoir for energy storage, similar to the graphite used for rechargeable ion batteries. The theoretical specific ion storage capacity for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries (NIBs) can be as high as 2596 mAh g −1 , which is almost one order of magnitude higher than the commercial graphite-based materials (372 mAh g −1 ), holding great promise for future applications ranging from portable electronic devices to large-scale electrical vehicles and power tools. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Doubtless, BP intercalation compounds are of both scientific and technological importance in multiple critical fields, but the fundamental understanding of the underlying intercalation mechanism remains largely elusive. To bridge up this knowledge gap, we present an in situ investigation on the intercalation of BP with both lithium and sodium ions.The intercalation of alkali elements has been extensively studied in rechargeable battery systems, where the alkali ions can be intercalated into the host materials via electrochemical reactions. Specifically, a great effort has been devoted to the intercalation of lithium and sodium in a large variety of 2D materials, including graphite, [17,18] borophane, [19] transition metal dichalcogenides, [20][21][22][23] transition metal carbides/carbonitrides, [24,25] and tin-based compounds, [26][27][28] which have larger interlayer spacing bonded by vdW interaction to offer sufficient ionic transport pathway. Orthorhombic BP is the most thermodynamically stable structure compared to other two allotropes of white phosphorus and red phosphorus, [29,30] and has wide spacing between the 2D layers to allow the intercalation of Li and Na ions. Recently, the electrochemical intercalation behaviors of BP have been reported using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. It is found that the alkali ions would intercalate into the layered host framework and then form alloying compounds with P with anisotropic volume expansion and amorphization, which has been verified in lithiation [31] and sodiation, [32] respectively. Besides, the sodium-ion transport was suggested to be anisotropic and could cause atomic stack reordering upon slight intercalation. [33,34] Although these early studies have depicted the changes in morphology and volume Black phosphorus (BP) with unique 2D structure enables the intercalation of foreign elements or molecules, which makes BP directly relevant to high-capacity rechargeable batteries and also opens a promising strategy for tunable electronic transport and superconductivity. However, the underlying intercalation mechanism is not fully understood. Here, a comparative investigation on the electrochemically driven intercalation of lithium and sodiu...

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Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

et al. 2019

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“…The electrical transport characteristics with various channel lengths can be studied in one heterostructure by selecting different source and drain electrodes. [9,17,33,34] While for the pristine SnSeS region, the SnSeS A 1g mode (≈205 and 302 cm −1 ) and another weak broad peak centered at ≈134 cm −1 are observed. Figure 1d depicts the Raman spectra of the corresponding device.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13] Among these 2D materials, BP has attracted extensive attention because of its high carrier mobility (up to 1000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature), moderate tunable direct bandgap on thickness (from 0.3 eV for bulk to 2.0 eV for monolayer), and intrinsic anisotropy arising from the puckered structure. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Among these 2D materials, BP has attracted extensive attention because of its high carrier mobility (up to 1000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature), moderate tunable direct bandgap on thickness (from 0.3 eV for bulk to 2.0 eV for monolayer), and intrinsic anisotropy arising from the puckered structure.…”

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Multistate Logic Inverter Based on Black Phosphorus/SnSeS Heterostructure

Luo

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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Graphene, transition metal-dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus (BP) are widely exploited as building blocks for such vdWs heterostructure due to their unique electrical and optical properties. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Among these 2D materials, BP has attracted extensive attention because of its high carrier mobility (up to 1000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at room temperature), moderate tunable direct bandgap on thickness (from 0.3 eV for bulk to 2.0 eV for monolayer), and intrinsic anisotropy arising from the puckered structure. [14][15][16][17] In the past years, a host of BP-based vdWs heterostructures such as graphene/ BP, TMDs/BP, and h-BN/BP architecture, have been fabricated to explore their electronic and photoelectric properties, which have shown promising applications for fieldeffect transistors (FETs), [18][19][20] photodetectors, [8,21,22] flexible devices, [23] memory device, [24] logic circuits, [25] and so on. In the most studied BP/MoS 2 heterostructure, [11,20,25] diverse diode characteristics, including back forward rectifying diode, Zener diode, and forward rectifying diode, have been obtained by BP thickness modulation. [20] A tunable multivalued logic performance was also realized in such heterostructure, providing a step forward toward the future logic applications. [25] Recently, tin-based dichalcogenide SnSe x S 1−x , [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] a layered semiconductor family with environmental friendly and low cost characteristics, has been explored for nanoelectronic applications. In addition, the wide bandgap ranging from ≈1 to ≈2.1 eV opens the possibility of developing versatile devices by band engineering. In this work, we present a realization of BP/SnSeS heterostructure and explore its carrier transport and logic characteristics for the first time. The heterostructure based on Te-doped BP exhibits high carrier mobility and an exceptional ambient stability. [33] Diverse diode characteristics are observed with the modulation of band alignment at BP/SnSeS interface. Furthermore, we demonstrated a multivalued logic state by varying BP length, suggesting that BP/SnSeS heterostructure has promising application in low-power multivalued logic circuits.The schematic of the proposed BP/SnSeS heterostructure is shown in Figure 1a. Both BP and SnSeS flakes were mechanically exfoliated from their bulk crystals. Using a dry transfer technique, the BP flake was first transferred onto the HfO 2 (30 nm)/ Si substrate with prepared electrical pads, and then exfoliated SnSeS flake was artificially stacked atop the BP flake forming BP/SnSeS heterostructure. After that, multiple metal electrodes were fabricated on the top of BP and SnSeS regions by van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted intensive attention due to their great potential in future functional electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, a systematic electrical transport investigation on black phosphorus (BP)/SnSeS heterostructures is presented. The BP/SnSeS heterostructure shows diverse diode functional features by modulating BP cha...

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“…2D BlackP combines mechanical strength, electrochemical performance, and ion‐conductivity properties. These properties are vital for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage, and 2D BP offers advantages over other 2D layered materials such as graphene in the development of supercapacitors with high power density and cyclability (Qiu et al, 2017). Biomimetic energy production: artificial photosynthesis.…”

Section: Novel Phosphorus Materials Science and The Technological Biomentioning

confidence: 99%

Future Phosphorus: Advancing New 2D Phosphorus Allotropes and Growing a Sustainable Bioeconomy

et al. 2019

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With more than 40 countries currently proposing to boost their national bioeconomies, there is no better time for a clarion call for a “new” bioeconomy, which, at its core, tackles the current disparities and inequalities in phosphorus (P) availability. Existing biofuel production systems have widened P inequalities and contributed to a linear P economy, impairing water quality and accelerating dependence on P fertilizers manufactured from finite nonrenewable phosphate rock reserves. Here, we explore how the emerging bioeconomy in novel, value‐added, bio‐based products offers opportunities to rethink our stewardship of P. Development of integrated value chains of new bio‐based products offers opportunities for codevelopment of “P refineries” to recover P fertilizer products from organic wastes. Advances in material sciences are exploiting unique semiconductor and opto‐electrical properties of new “two‐dimensional” (2D) P allotropes (2D black phosphorus and blue phosphorus). These novel P materials offer the tantalizing prospect of step‐change innovations in renewable energy production and storage, in biomedical applications, and in biomimetic processes, including artificial photosynthesis. They also offer a possible antidote to the P paradox that our agricultural production systems have engineered us into, as well as the potential to expand the future role of P in securing sustainability across both agroecological and technological domains of the bioeconomy. However, a myriad of social, technological, and commercialization hurdles remains to be crossed before such an advanced circular P bioeconomy can be realized. The emerging bioeconomy is just one piece of a much larger puzzle of how to achieve more sustainable and circular horizons in our future use of P. Core Ideas Society's vision for a more circular economy must go beyond the C cycle to include P. Some biofuel systems have widened P inequalities and contributed to a linear P economy. New bioeconomy in bio‐based products offers an opportunity to rethink P stewardship. A circular bioeconomy requires efficient P reuse, recovery, and recycling from waste. New 2D P allotrope technologies offer a potential antidote to our current P “paradox.”

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Current progress in black phosphorus materials and their applications in electrochemical energy storage

Cited by 220 publications

References 100 publications

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Orientation‐Dependent Intercalation Channels for Lithium and Sodium in Black Phosphorus

Multistate Logic Inverter Based on Black Phosphorus/SnSeS Heterostructure

Future Phosphorus: Advancing New 2D Phosphorus Allotropes and Growing a Sustainable Bioeconomy

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