Current progress of biopolymer-based flame retardant

Taib, Mohamad Nurul Azman Mohammad; Antov, Petar; Savov, Viktor; Fatriasari, Widya; Madyaratri, Elvara Windra; Wirawan, Riza; Osvaldová, Linda Makovická; Hua, Lee Seng; Ghani, Muhammad Aizat Abdul; Edrus, Syeed Saiful Azry Osman Al; Lum, Wei Chen; Hussin, M. Hazwan

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110153

Cited by 72 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…GO has been explored as an additive in various polymer systems as an FR material due to its slower combustion process, sluggish ignition, and reduction in the rate of heat release. 20,21 As new and smart coating materials for flame retardancy in combustible materials such as polymers and textiles, graphene and its composites, 22 biopolymers, 23 commercial binder, and graphite have been used in conjunction with ammonium phosphate (AP), N -[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylene diamine (TMSD), and TiO 2 nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs). 24 Some research groups used ultrafast, reusable, and weather resistant fire warning materials such as Ti 3 C 2 TxMXene, 25 whereas other fire-resistant materials include polydimethylsiloxane foam composite, 26 clay/graphene oxide nanoribbons, 27 l -ascorbic acid and silane co-functionalized with GO, 28 SiRF nanocomposites containing an ultralow content of GONR, 29 and water-based hybrid APP/GO/TFTS coatings on polyurethane (PU) foam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus grafted chitosan functionalized graphene oxide-based nanocomposite as a novel flame-retardant material for textile and wood

Nakhate¹,

Pethsangave

Yadav

et al. 2023

React. Chem. Eng.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus grafted chitosan functionalized graphene oxide-based nanocomposite as a novel flame-retardant material for textile and wood

Nakhate¹,

Pethsangave

Yadav

et al. 2023

React. Chem. Eng.

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“…The relevant scholars are committed to finding green, environmentally protecting fuel boosters. It can be seen that the development of more nontoxic and harmless degradable flame retardants has become the ultimate goal [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Treatment of Mongolian Scots Pine Using Phosphate Precipitation for Better Performance of Compressive Strength and Fire Resistance

Wang

et al. 2023

Materials

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Wood, as a naturally green and environmentally friendly material, has been widely used in the construction and decoration industries. However, the flammability of wood poses serious safety problems. To improve the fire resistance of wood, In this study, it is proposed to use calcium chloride (CaCl2) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4, DSP) to impregnate wood for multiple cycles. The experimental results show that phosphate mineral precipitation can be deposited on the surface of the wood. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) are used to analyze the micromorphology of mineral precipitation and use the MIP test to analyze the treated wood pore structure. The results show that with the increase in the number of cycles, the phosphate deposited on the surface of the wood increases, and the cumulative pore volume and water absorption rate of the wood after 10 cycles are 54.3% and 13.75% lower than that of untreated wood respectively. In addition, the cone calorimeter (CONE) confirmed that the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of wood treated in 10 cycles have decreased by 48.7% and 54.2% respectively compared with the untreated wood. Hence, this treatment method not only improves the mechanical properties of wood. It also improves fire resistance.

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“…Therefore, researchers have gradually focused on the development of polymeric phosphorus-containing flame retardants to overcome their poor compatibility with polymeric substrates and migration tendency. Polyphosphate, as a polymer flame retardant in PET, is blended with PET to give it good flame retardant properties, while overcoming the disadvantages of small-molecule phosphorus-containing flame retardants that tend to migrate [ 17 , 18 ]. Usually, the phosphorus content of flame retardants is positively correlated with the flame retardant efficiency in polymer materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High-Phosphorus-Content Polyphosphonate with Combined Phosphorus Structures for Flame Retardant PET

Zhu

Zhao

et al. 2023

Polymers

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A high-phosphorus-content polyphosphonate (PBDA), containing two phosphorus-based structures: phosphaphenanthrene (DOPO) and phenyl phosphonate groups, was synthesized and used in flame retardant polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Good self-extinguishing property (high UL 94 grade and LOI value), superior flame retardancy (lower heat/smoke release), and high quality retention (high carbon residue) were endowed to PET by PBDA. When 10 wt% PDBA was added, the peak heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke rate (TSR) of PDBA/PET were found to be significantly reduced by 80%, 60.5%, and 21%, respectively, compared to the pure PET, and the LOI value jumped from 20.5% for pure PET to 28.7% with a UL-94 V-0 rating. The flame-retardant mode of action in PET was verified by thermogravimetric analysis-Fourier transform infrared (TGA-FTIR), pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), real-time FTIR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phosphaphenanthrene and phosphonate moieties in PDBA decomposed in sequence during heating, continuously releasing and keeping high-content PO· and PO2· radicals with a quenching effect and simultaneously promoting the formation of viscous crosslinked char layers causing a high barrier effect. PDBA mainly acted in the gas phase but the condensed-phase flame retardant function was also considerable.

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Current progress of biopolymer-based flame retardant

Cited by 72 publications

References 186 publications

Phosphorus grafted chitosan functionalized graphene oxide-based nanocomposite as a novel flame-retardant material for textile and wood

Phosphorus grafted chitosan functionalized graphene oxide-based nanocomposite as a novel flame-retardant material for textile and wood

Surface Treatment of Mongolian Scots Pine Using Phosphate Precipitation for Better Performance of Compressive Strength and Fire Resistance

A High-Phosphorus-Content Polyphosphonate with Combined Phosphorus Structures for Flame Retardant PET

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