Current progress of functional nanobiosensors for potential tuberculosis diagnosis: The novel way for TB control?

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), induced by the foxy Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is still one of the top killers worldwide among infectious diseases. Although several antibiotics have been developed to significantly relieve the tuberculosis epidemics worldwide, there are still several important scientific challenges for tuberculosis. As one of the most critical issues for tuberculosis control, the accurate and timely diagnosis of tuberculosis is critical for the following therapy of tuberculosis and thus responsible for the effective control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Current tuberculosis diagnostic methods in clinic are still facing the difficulties that they can’t provide the rapid diagnostic results with high sensitivity and accuracy, which therefore requires the development of more effective novel diagnostic strategies. In recent decades, nanomaterials have been proved to show promising potentials for novel nanobiosensor construction based on their outstanding physical, chemical and biological properties. Taking these promising advantages, nanomaterial-based biosensors show the potential to allow the rapid, sensitive and accurate tuberculosis diagnosis. Here, aiming to increase the development of more effective tuberculosis diagnostic strategy, we summarized the current progress of nanobiosensors for potential tuberculosis diagnosis application. We discussed the different kind diagnostic targets for tuberculosis diagnosis based on nanobiosensors, ranging from the detection of bacterial components from M. tuberculosis, such as DNA and proteins, to the host immunological responses, such as specific cytokine production, and to the direct whole cell detection of M. tuberculosis. We believe that this review would enhance our understandings of nanobiosensors for potential tuberculosis diagnosis, and further promote the future research on nanobiosensor-based tuberculosis diagnosis to benefit the more effective control of tuberculosis epidemic.

Diagnostics of Tuberculosis with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistors

“…This work promises the application of cells or antigens as the biomarker in TB screening but shows low sensitivity. Furthermore, when antibodies are used as receptors, antigens are more favorable than cells as biomarkers due to antigen–antibody-specific interactions, which can decrease the LOD and increase the specificity, motivating their use in TB diagnostics. , For instance, Bakhori et al developed a nanobiosensor fabricated with antibody and CdSe-ZnS quantum dots/silica nanoparticles/screen-printed carbon electrode-modified electrode to detect the CFP10-ESAT-6 antigen complex . The LOD was improved to 0.15 ng/mL by linking enzyme catalase to the electrode and measuring generated differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) currents.…”