Current range and status of the Iberian lynx Felis pardina Temminck, 1824 in Spain

Rodrı́guez, Alejandro; Delibes, Miguel

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(92)91115-9

Cited by 88 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For the period 1978-1988, Rodríguez & Delibes (1992 produced an estimate of 350 breeding females in Spain, or about 700 mature individuals (within the interval 571-714 lynx). For the period 1984-1994, Castro & Palma (1996 estimated that no more than 50 lynx remained in Portugal which, assuming a proportion of females of 0.5 in the reproductive cohort (Ferreras et al 1997), correspond to about 25 mature individuals.…”

Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is in agreement with 29 adults reported by Gaona et al (1998) from field data in the mid 1990s. For the period 1978-1988, Rodríguez & Delibes (1992 estimated a population size of 372 lynx older than 1 year in the then large Andújar-Cardeña subpopulation. As the proportion of subadults was estimated as 35% (Rodríguez & Delibes 1992), the number of mature individuals could be 242 in 1985.…”

Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the period 1978-1988, Rodríguez & Delibes (1992 estimated a population size of 372 lynx older than 1 year in the then large Andújar-Cardeña subpopulation. As the proportion of subadults was estimated as 35% (Rodríguez & Delibes 1992), the number of mature individuals could be 242 in 1985. By averaging across years and summing up the figures, in 1986 the estimated number of mature lynx in Doñana plus Andújar-Cardeña was 267.…”

Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around 1985, 48 distinct distribution nuclei were identified by Rodríguez & Delibes (1992) in Spain, 44% of which occupied areas <100 km 2 . Castro & Palma (1996) identified 7 nuclei and the largest one extended over 127 km 2 .…”

Section: Number Of Localities and Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, available evidence indicates that the two remnant populations were demographically isolated because the Euclidean distance between them was >200 km, and the functional distance for dispersal was even larger due to tracts of unsuitable intervening habitat (Rodríguez & Delibes 1992). Such separation is at least five times the maximum successful dispersal distance (Ferreras et al 2004) and, indeed, no individual born in one subpopulation has been reported to settle into the other by natural means.…”

Section: Number Of Localities and Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reassessment of the conservation status of the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Rodrı́guez¹,

Calzada²

2017

Galemys

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During the last 70 years, the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus has experienced dramatic changes in its environment, range size, and population size. In a context of widespread support for Iberian lynx conservation, its recent downgrading from Critically Endangered to Endangered in the IUCN Red List has drawn some public concern. Here we expand the summarized account published in the IUCN Red List website to illustrate how assessments are performed in well studied species. Assessment requires assignment to the highest threat category for which the species qualifies according to any of five criteria. Using 2012 as the reference year, no decline was observed during the last three lynx generations, and criteria regarding Population size reduction (A1, A2 and A4) were not met. Under criterion B (Geographic range) the species should be listed as Vulnerable. Considering Criterion D (Very small or restricted population), the Iberian lynx should be assigned to the Endangered category because in 2012 the estimated number of mature individuals (168) was under the established threshold of 250. A complex population model incorporating the combined effects of climate change, prey availability and conservation strategies reveals the critical need of maintaining current reintroduction efforts to avoid lynx extinction. If this condition is fulfilled, the species should be downgraded to Endangered under criterion E (Quantitative analysis). If reintroductions are discontinued, the category Endangered would be assigned under criteria A3 (Projected population reduction) and C (Small population and decline). We discuss the objectivity, transparency and conservation implications of the Iberian lynx downlisting. Keywords: geographic range, population models, reintroduction, risk factors, sustained management ResumenDurante los últimos 70 años, las condiciones ambientales, el área de distribución y el tamaño poblacional del lince ibérico Lynx pardinus han experimentado cambios sustanciales. Vivimos un periodo en el que la conservación del lince recibe un fuerte apoyo social y, en este contexto, la reciente catalogación de la especie como En Peligro en la Lista Roja de la UICN, rebajando su anterior estatus de En Peligro Crítico, ha despertado cierta preocupación. Usando el caso del lince ibérico, ilustramos con detalle cómo se evalúa el grado de amenaza y se catalogan en la Lista Roja de la IUCN las especies para las que existe mucha información biológica. Las especies deben catalogarse en la categoría de amenaza más alta resultante de la valoración independiente de cinco criterios. Tomando 2012 como el año de referencia, no encontramos indicios de declive desde hace tres generaciones y, por tanto, los criterios de reducción de tamaño poblacional A1, A2 y A4 no se cumplen. Considerando el criterio B, relativo a atributos del área de distribución, la especie debe clasificarse como Vulnerable. Según el criterio D, relativo a poblaciones pequeñas y de distribución restringida, el lince entra en la categoría En Peligro porque el número es...

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Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Size Before 1996mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Localities and Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number Of Localities and Fragmentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reassessment of the conservation status of the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Rodrı́guez¹,

Calzada²

2017

Galemys

Self Cite

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Musculoskeletal anatomy of the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx (Carnivora: Felidae) forelimb: Adaptations to capture large prey?

Viranta

Lommi

Holmala

et al. 2016

Journal of Morphology

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Mammalian carnivores adhere to two different feeding strategies relative to their body masses. Large carnivores prey on animals that are the same size or larger than themselves, whereas small carnivores prey on smaller vertebrates and invertebrates. The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) falls in between these two categories. Lynx descend from larger forms that were probably large prey specialists, but during the Pleistocene became predators of small prey. The modern Eurasian lynx may be an evolutionary reversal toward specializing in large prey again. We hypothesized that the musculoskeletal anatomy of lynx should show traits for catching large prey. To test our hypothesis, we dissected the forelimb muscles of six Eurasian lynx individuals and compared our findings to results published for other felids. We measured the bones and compared their dimensions to the published material. Our material displayed a well-developed pectoral girdle musculature with some uniquely extensive muscle attachments. The upper arm musculature resembled that of the pantherine felids and probably the extinct sabertooths, and also the muscles responsible for supination and pronation were similar to those in large cats. The muscles controlling the pollex were well-developed. However, skeletal indices were similar to those of small prey predators. Our findings show that lynx possess the topographic pattern of muscle origin and insertion like in large felids. J. Morphol. 277:753-765, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Managing the Livestock–Wildlife Interface on Rangelands

Toit

Cross

Valeix

2017

Springer Series on Environmental Management

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On rangelands the livestock-wildlife interface is mostly characterized by management actions aimed at controlling problems associated with competition, disease, and depredation. Wildlife communities (especially the large vertebrate species) are typically incompatible with agricultural development because the opportunity costs of wildlife conservation are unaffordable except in arid and semiarid regions. Ecological factors including the provision of supplementary food and water for livestock, together with the persecution of large predators, result in livestock replacing wildlife at biomass densities far exceeding those of indigenous ungulates. Diseases are difficult to eradicate from free-ranging wildlife populations and so veterinary controls usually focus on separating commercial livestock herds from wildlife. Persecution of large carnivores due to their depredation of livestock has caused the virtual eradication of apex predators from most rangelands. However, recent research points to a broad range of solutions to reduce conflict at the livestock-wildlife interface. Conserving wildlife bolsters the adaptive capacity of a rangeland by providing stakeholders with options for dealing with environmental change. This is contingent upon local communities being empowered to benefit directly from their wildlife resources within a management framework that integrates land-use sectors at the landscape scale. As rangelands undergo irreversible changes caused by species invasions and climate forcings, the future perspective favors a proactive shift in attitude towards the livestock-wildlife interface, from problem control to asset management.

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Current range and status of the Iberian lynx Felis pardina Temminck, 1824 in Spain

Cited by 88 publications

References 8 publications

Reassessment of the conservation status of the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Reassessment of the conservation status of the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Musculoskeletal anatomy of the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx (Carnivora: Felidae) forelimb: Adaptations to capture large prey?

Managing the Livestock–Wildlife Interface on Rangelands

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