Current Scenario of HIV/AIDS, Treatment Options, and Major Challenges with Compliance to Antiretroviral Therapy

Bhatti, Adnan Bashir; Usman, Muhammad; Kandi, Venkataramana

doi:10.7759/cureus.515

Cited by 96 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Going forwards, combinations in clinical trials may require multiple exposures, or single-exposure combinations of three or more entities to be successful in the vast majority of patients. Treatment with three or four drugs is becoming standard in other diseases such as TB [49], HIV/AIDS [50] and neonatal sepsis [51]. …”

Section: Compounds Ideally Need To Target More Than One Plasmodium LImentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in anti-malarial target candidate and product profiles

Burrows

Duparc

Gutteridge

et al. 2017

Malar J

423

480

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A decade of discovery and development of new anti-malarial medicines has led to a renewed focus on malaria elimination and eradication. Changes in the way new anti-malarial drugs are discovered and developed have led to a dramatic increase in the number and diversity of new molecules presently in pre-clinical and early clinical development. The twin challenges faced can be summarized by multi-drug resistant malaria from the Greater Mekong Sub-region, and the need to provide simplified medicines. This review lists changes in anti-malarial target candidate and target product profiles over the last 4 years. As well as new medicines to treat disease and prevent transmission, there has been increased focus on the longer term goal of finding new medicines for chemoprotection, potentially with long-acting molecules, or parenteral formulations. Other gaps in the malaria armamentarium, such as drugs to treat severe malaria and endectocides (that kill mosquitoes which feed on people who have taken the drug), are defined here. Ultimately the elimination of malaria requires medicines that are safe and well-tolerated to be used in vulnerable populations: in pregnancy, especially the first trimester, and in those suffering from malnutrition or co-infection with other pathogens. These updates reflect the maturing of an understanding of the key challenges in producing the next generation of medicines to control, eliminate and ultimately eradicate malaria.

show abstract

Section: Compounds Ideally Need To Target More Than One Plasmodium LImentioning

confidence: 99%

New developments in anti-malarial target candidate and product profiles

Burrows

Duparc

Gutteridge

et al. 2017

Malar J

423

480

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1 Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment are critical to successful disease management, which focuses on both reducing viral load to undetectable levels (eg, <20-75 HIV RNA copies/mL) and enabling recovery of CD4 T-cell counts to prevent immunodeficiency. 2,3 Periodic viral load testing is an essential part of disease management follow-up, particularly as more asymptomatic patients are treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), 4 as it can help assess treatment effectiveness, ensure treatment optimization, prevent the emergence of HIV drug resistance and prevent transmission to others. 4,5 Over the last 2 decades, advances in ART have reduced rates of HIV-associated morbidity and mortality dramatically, transforming HIV from a fatal illness into a largely manageable chronic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benchmarking HIV Quality Measures Across US Payer Types

Priest

Irwin

Evans

et al. 2020

Population Health Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a significant issue in the United States. Early diagnosis, continuous treatment access/adherence, and long-term care engagement help patients benefit fully from ART; however, a shortfall in care engagement remains, potentially leading to poorer health outcomes. This analysis benchmarks rates of health care quality and process measures to identify areas for improvement. This retrospective, claims-based, real-world cohort study assessed the percentage of prevalent (existing) and incident (newly diagnosed) patients with HIV with commercial or public health insurance meeting 4 National Quality Forum (NQF)-endorsed, 1 Pharmacy Quality Alliance (PQA), and 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) measures over a 4-year period. Most prevalent patients consistently met the NQF-endorsed prescribed ART and gaps in visits measures. Longer-term visit frequency measure rates were well below the 90% Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS target. Proportion of prevalent patients meeting each NQF-endorsed measure was maintained/increased with increasing age in 2015-2016. Substantially fewer incident patients than prevalent patients met NQF-endorsed measures across all measurement periods, particularly for visit frequency (32%-51%). PQA ART adherence was low (36%-73%). CDC receipt of care rates were high (83%-92%), whereas retention in care rates were low (67%-72%) among prevalent patients. For incident patients, linkage to care rates were consistently low (21%-44%). This study benchmarks current US HIV care engagement and highlights the need for improvement in early care engagement, ART adherence and long-term retention of care among patients with HIV.

show abstract

“…The development of nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) in 1987 has provided a highly successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) and made HIV infection a manageable clinical entity (Massimo Andreoni et al, ; Bhatti et al, ; Ray et al, ). The clinical challenges now confronting HIV‐positive patients have shifted significantly from AIDS to chronic non‐communicable diseases, among which cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major issue (Triant et al, ; Lang et al, ; Baker and Lundgren, ; Boccara et al, ; Freiberg et al, ; Hemkens and Bucher, ; Althoff et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%