Current situation of menstruation and gynecological diseases prevalence among Chinese women: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Gynecological diseases have been taken attention and studied worldwide. Although, no recent studies have delineated the magnitude of gynecological diseases among Chinese women. This study aims to evaluate the current situation of menstruation and gynecological diseases prevalence among Chinese women. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital affiliated with Nanjing medical university in Nanjing, China between September 2021 and February 2022. A sample size of 977 women aged 18–52 years participated in a face-to-face interview questionnaire. Logistic regression was performed to determine whether pubertal timing and menstrual characteristics were associated with gynecological diseases. Results The most prevalent gynecological disease was dysmenorrhea (45.96%), followed by polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS (19.04%), uterine fibroids (14.23%), spontaneous abortion (13.20%), trouble conceiving (12.59%), ovarian dysfunction (11.16%) and endometriosis (4.09%). In the adjusted model, heavy bleeding with large clots was associated with an increased risk of dysmenorrhea (odds ratio, OR = 5.01, 95% Confidence interval, CI 2.26, 11.10; p = 0.000), while history of precocious puberty diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk of dysmenorrhea (OR = 0.50, 95%CI: 0.26, 0.94; p = 0.031). Regular menstrual cycle in the past 12 months and regular menstrual periods were associated with decreased risk of PCOS (OR = 0.44, 95%CI 0.30, 0.65; p = 0.000) and (OR = 0.52, 95%CI 0.36, 0.74; p = 0.000), respectively. Histories of early thelarche, early menarche, and precocious puberty diagnosis were associated with increased risk of ovarian dysfunction (OR = 1.96, 95%CI 1.25, 3.08, p = 0.004), (OR = 2.26, 95%CI 1.24, 4.13; p = 0.008) and (OR = 2.79, 95%CI 1.36, 5.74; p = 0.005), respectively. Heavy bleeding and heavy bleeding with large clots were associated with endometriosis (OR = 4.92, 95%CI 1.50, 16.15, p = 0.009) and (OR = 5.67, 95%CI 1.42, 22.56; p = 0.014), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of gynecological diseases is increasing among Chinese women and pubertal timing and menstrual characteristics may be associated with some gynecological diseases, specifically dysmenorrhea, PCOS, ovarian dysfunction, and endometriosis.

Association between dietary behavior and puberty in girls

“…In addition, Braet et al [14] used the Dutch Eating Behavior Scale, and Stunkard et al [15] used the three-factor eating behavior scale as a measuring tool to confirm that the food response dimension had a strong positive correlation with BMI. The above research indicates that the higher the response of children to food, the higher the risk of obesity, and obesity is one of the important risk factors for precocious puberty [16]. Therefore, we believe that more food orientation behavior is an important risk factor for breast development and gonadal axis activation in girls.…”

Current Updates on the Role of Microbiome in Endometriosis: A Narrative Review

“…Nonetheless, the study reported declining age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) by nearly 30% in 2019 and that the overall ASIR was −1.2% (95% CI: −1.20, −1.10). A recent study from China that recruited patients between September 2021 and February 2022 reported that endometriosis remains to be one of the most prevalent gynecological diseases [ 47 ]. This study found a slightly lower prevalence of endometriosis (4.09%) than studies from other countries.…”

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among Chinese reproductive-age women toward uterine adenomyosis

“…Uterine adenomyosis is a significant gynecological condition characterized by the invasive growth of endometrial tissues into the uterine muscle, resembling malignant tumors in its implantation and recurrence patterns ( 1 , 2 ). This condition impacts women’s health, frequently manifesting through symptoms like dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility ( 3 ). In China, the prevalence of adenomyosis among women varies widely, reported between 5% and 70%.…”