Current situation of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Sudan

Saeed, Intisar Kamil; Ali, Yahia Hassan; Khalafalla, Abdelmalik I.; Rahman-Mahasin, E. A.

doi:10.1007/s11250-009-9389-5

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2a). Clearly both lineages III and IV are circulating in the Sudan and further serological reports from the country have confirmed outbreaks of PPRV in Sudan (Osman et al, 2009;Saeed et al, 2010). Swai et al (2009) recently confirmed natural transmission of PPRV and circulation of virus within herds in Tanzania.…”

Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 83%

Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control

Banyard¹,

Parida

Batten

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

384

420

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Section: Africamentioning

confidence: 83%

Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control

Banyard¹,

Parida

Batten

et al. 2010

Journal of General Virology

384

420

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“…57,59,62,65,66,67,68,70,72,74,79,80,81,84,86,87,88,89,90,93,94,95,97,98,99,105,106,109,112,113,114,116,117,118,119,120,121,125,126,128,130,131,132,133,135,137,138,139,141,142,145,147,…”

Section: Study Eligibility Form: Performance Of Diagnostic Tests For mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

2015

EFSA Journal

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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa and Asia and is currently also found in Turkey and Northern Africa. PPR is transmitted via direct contact, and the disease would mainly be transferred to infection-free areas by transport of infected animals. In the EU, it could only happen through illegal transport of animals. The risk of that depends on the prevalence in the country of origin and the number of animals illegally moved. The extent of the spread would depend mainly on the time during which it is undetected, the farm density, the frequency and distance of travel of animals. PPR has a high within-herd transmission rate, therefore contacts between flocks, e.g. through common grazing areas, should be avoided when PPR is present. If PPR enters EU areas with dense sheep population but low goat density, it may spread rapidly undetected, since goats are considered more susceptible than sheep. Effective measures in limiting the spread of PPR in the EU include prompt culling of infected herds, rapid detection, movement restriction, and disinfection. Live attenuated vaccines against PPR are available, safe and effective, and have been successfully used to control PPR epidemics, but no method exists for differentiating between infected and vaccinated animals; therefore, the development of one is recommended. Awareness-raising campaigns for farmers and veterinary staff to promote recognition of the disease should be considered. The cooperation of the EU with neighbouring countries should be encouraged to prevent the spread of PPR and other transboundary diseases. In particular, EFSA was asked to (i) characterise the disease and provide an update on the global occurrence of PPR and changes in the distribution during the last 10 years; (ii) map the region of concern and other countries of the Mediterranean Basin and Black Sea, displaying identified, or likely, major live animal trade routes; (iii) evaluate all possible pathways of introduction of PPR into the EU, ranking them on the basis of their level of risk, with a view to enhancing preparedness and prevention; (iv) assess the risk of introduction and speed of propagation of PPR into the EU and neighbouring countries; (v) assess the risk of PPR becoming endemic in animal populations in the EU; (vi) assess the impact PPR would have if it were to enter the EU, considering different scenarios as regards the effectiveness of surveillance and control measures; and (vii) review the feasibility, availability and effectiveness of the main disease prevention and control measures (diagnostic tools, biosecurity measures, restrictions on movement, culling). © EuropeanRegarding disease characterisation, the AHAW Panel reported that PPR is a severe viral disease of small ruminants caused by a Morbillivirus closely related to rinderpest virus. It is widespread in Africa, the Middle East and Southern Asia. It is one of the priority animal diseases wh...

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“…In 1997, a PPRV was isolated from pathologic samples collected during a rinderpest-like disease outbreak among buffalo in India ( 14 ). In September 2004, outbreaks of PPRV in Sudan affected both sheep and camels ( 15 , 16 ). In camels, a respiratory syndrome was the prominent disease characteristic observed, resembling a previous case reported in Ethiopia during 1995–1996 ( 17 ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Lineage of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, Africa

Kwiatek¹,

Ali²,

Saeed³

et al. 2011

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

166

154

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Interest in peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) has been stimulated by recent changes in its host and geographic distribution. For this study, biological specimens were collected from camels, sheep, and goats clinically suspected of having PPRV infection in Sudan during 2000–2009 and from sheep soon after the first reported outbreaks in Morocco in 2008. Reverse transcription PCR analysis confirmed the wide distribution of PPRV throughout Sudan and spread of the virus in Morocco. Molecular typing of 32 samples positive for PPRV provided strong evidence of the introduction and broad spread of Asian lineage IV. This lineage was defined further by 2 subclusters; one consisted of camel and goat isolates and some of the sheep isolates, while the other contained only sheep isolates, a finding with suggests a genetic bias according to the host. This study provides evidence of the recent spread of PPRV lineage IV in Africa.

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Current situation of Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in the Sudan

Cited by 46 publications

References 10 publications

Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control

Global distribution of peste des petits ruminants virus and prospects for improved diagnosis and control

Scientific Opinion on peste des petits ruminants

Asian Lineage of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus, Africa

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