Current Situation of Water Pollution and Its Effect on Aquatic Life in Egypt

Abstract

Water is a multi-dimensional issue and a prerequisite for achieving human security, from the individual to the international level. The Nile River has long been a crucial component of both the identity and the vitality of Egypt. Egypt faces a rapidly increasing deterioration of its surface and groundwater due to increasing discharges of heavily polluted domestic and industrial effluents into its waterways. Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture also causes water pollution problems. Many disasters in Egypt were happening and leading to water pollution. Toxicity of fishes in Egypt occurs due to water pollution from chemical plants and sewage pipes. The water quality assessment is very important for implementation of the monitoring and remediation programs to minimize the risk promoted by hazardous substances in aquatic ecosystems. Evaluation of the degree of contamination of aquatic environments must take in account its chemical characteristics which has potential toxic effects and allows an integrated evaluation of its effects on populations of the aquatic system. During the last few decades, great attention has been paid to the possible dangers of heavy metal poisoning in human due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Industrial and agricultural discharges such as coal and oil combustion, phosphate fertilizers, plastics and pesticides are considered the major sources of heavy metal pollutants of water.

The Duckweed, <em>Lemna minor</em> Modulates Heavy Metal-induced Oxidative Stress in Nile Tilapia

“…The eighth and ninth groups were exposed to water with the same concentrations of zinc as in the previous groups plus one layer of duckweed covering the water surface. The applied doses of copper and zinc were based on the permissible concentrations in natural water [47] and the estimated levels in polluted areas in Egypt [48]. At the end of the four-week, fish were euthanized and dissected.…”

“…Results show damaged liver cells of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to different concentrations (low, L and high, H) of heavy metals, Cu and Zn alone or combined with duckweed, Lemna minor. The applied doses of Cu and Zn were chosen based on estimated levels in polluted areas in Egyptian river water in the last [47,48] and recent assessment [55].…”

A minireview on Applications of the metal-organic framework and carbon dots in dye photodegradation to protect the aquatic environment from organic pollutants

“…Consequently, the human race's consumed water, whether for personal use or in industry, represents a huge proportion that must be utilized by disposing of industrial or household wastes [2]. According to the World Health Organization, water pollution has been defined as bacterial, chemical, physical, or radioactive contamination or any additives that may affect water's physical properties [3]. Water pollution has many negative effects on the living, human beings, the environment, and aquatic communities.…”

Smoothed Deep Neural Networks for Marine Sensor Data Prediction

“…Currently, marine pollution exists in various forms, including chemical substances, particles, industrial, agricultural, solid waste and the reproduction of invasive organisms [1]. Multiple surveys indicate that many coastal estuaries and coves in the world face rapid deterioration, resulting in increasing pollution of marine ecosystems [2], [3]. In this grim case, marine data processing has become a major focus of the global scientific community.…”