Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena

Mitzdorf, U.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1985.65.1.37

Cited by 1,573 publications

(1,410 citation statements)

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“…Similarly, when the cortical surface is cooled, the N1 and P2 components are abolished while P1 remains intact (Kublik et al, 2001). N1 and P2 decrease in amplitude with stimulation frequency and show habituation for high stimulus amplitudes and multiple run repetitions while P1 is less sensitive to changes in stimulation amplitude and frequency (Mitzdorf, 1985;Stienen et al, 2004). This difference in the response between P1 and N1 or P2 allows us to determine that the hemodynamic response matches the N1 and P2 response more closely than the P1 response.…”

Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been previously shown with topographic studies in the rat cortex that the P1, N1 and P2 temporal components are produced by different subpopulations of pyramidal cells activated both in sequence and in parallel (Di and Barth, 1991;Staba et al, 2003). Current-source density analysis (CSD) of laminar profiles of cortical field potentials link P1 to the largest and earliest sinks in layers IV and at the border between V and VI, and N1 to the slow, long latency sink in layers I/II (Kulics, 1982;Kulics andCauller, 1986, Agmon, 1991 #4273;Mitzdorf, 1985). Evoked MUA during P1 occurs predominantly at the level of the current sinks, while MUA during N1 appeared at the level of the current sources (Kulics and Cauller, 1986).…”

Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been extensively investigated since the 1940's (Adrian, 1941), mostly because its persistence during deep anesthesia. The origin of P1 from SI-specific thalamocortical inputs is well established (Mitzdorf, 1985). N1 is associated with the slow, long latency sink in layers I/II (Agmon and Connors, 1991;Kulics and Cauller, 1986) and is generated by excitatory cortical events (Cauller and Kulics, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Franceschini

Nissilä

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

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We studied the relationship between somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) recorded with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and hemoglobin responses recorded non-invasively with diffuse optical imaging (DOI) during parametrically varied electrical forepaw stimulation in rats. Using these macroscopic techniques we verified that the hemodynamic response is not linearly coupled to the somatosensory evoked potentials, and that a power or threshold law best describes the coupling between SEP and the hemoglobin response, in agreement with the results of most invasive studies. We decompose the SEP response in three components (P1, N1, and P2) to determine which best predicts the hemoglobin response. We found that N1 and P2 predict the hemoglobin response significantly better than P1 and the input stimuli (S). Previous electrophysiology studies reported in the literature show that P1 originates in layer IV directly from thalamocortical afferents, while N1 and P2 originate in layers I and II and reflect the majority of local cortico-cortical interactions. Our results suggest that the evoked hemoglobin response is driven by the cortical synaptic activity and not by direct thalamic input. The N1 and P2 components, and not P1, need to be considered to correctly interpret neurovascular coupling.

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Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 94%

Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Franceschini

Nissilä

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

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“…Population trans-membrane current flows were estimated using CSD analysis (Nicholson and Freeman, 1975), calculated as the second spatial derivative of field potentials (0.5-30Hz) after applying a 5-point Hamming filter (Ulbert et al, 2001a). Although the transmembrane currents localized with CSD are generally interpreted as due to transynaptic currents (Mitzdorf, 1985), voltage-gated currents may also contribute (Murakami et al, 2002). One-dimensional CSD analysis assumes that the cortical transmembrane currents are radially symmetrical around the electrode track.…”

Section: Recordings and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One-dimensional CSD analysis assumes that the cortical transmembrane currents are radially symmetrical around the electrode track. While cortical currents are thought to be primarily perpendicular to the local surface (Mitzdorf, 1985), neurons in layer II of ER are arranged in islands, ~200μM in diameter, separated by cell-free zones (Insausti and Amaral, 2004). These islands could result in the unpaired sources and sinks seen in CSD from superficial ER (see figure 4).…”

Section: Recordings and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

et al. 2006

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The anteroventral temporal lobe integrates visual, lexical, semantic and mnestic aspects of wordprocessing, through its reciprocal connections with the ventral visual stream, language areas, and the hippocampal formation. We used linear microelectrode arrays to probe population synaptic currents and neuronal firing in different cortical layers of the anteroventral temporal lobe, during semantic judgments with implicit priming, and overt word recognition. Since different extrinsic and associative inputs preferentially target different cortical layers, this method can help reveal the sequence and nature of local processing stages at a higher resolution than was previously possible.The initial response in inferotemporal and perirhinal cortices is a brief current sink beginning at 120ms, and peaking at ~170ms. Localization of this initial sink to middle layers suggests that it represents feedforward input from lower visual areas, and simultaneously increased firing implies that it represents excitatory synaptic currents. Until ~800ms, the main focus of transmembrane current sinks alternates between middle and superficial layers, with the superficial focus becoming increasingly dominant after ~550ms. Since superficial layers are the target of local and feedback associative inputs, this suggests an alternation in predominant synaptic input between feedforward and feedback modes. Word repetition does not affect the initial perirhinal and inferotemporal middle layer sink, but does decrease later activity. Entorhinal activity begins later (~200ms), with greater apparent excitatory postsynaptic currents and multiunit activity in neocortically-projecting than hippocampal-projecting layers. In contrast to perirhinal and entorhinal responses, entorhinal responses are larger to repeated words during memory retrieval.These results identify a sequence of physiological activation, beginning with a sharp activation from lower level visual areas carrying specific information to middle layers. This is followed by feedback and associative interactions involving upper cortical layers, which are abbreviated to repeated words. Following bottom-up and associative stages, top-down recollective processes may be driven by entorhinal cortex. Word processing involves a systematic sequence of fast feedforward information transfer from visual areas to anteroventral temporal cortex, followed by prolonged interactions of this feedforward information with local associations, and feedback mnestic information from the medial temporal lobe.

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Conduction and synaptic transmission in the optic nerve and the superior colliculus during development of the retinocollicular projection in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

Freeman¹,

James²,

Mark³

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

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When do the developing connections between mammalian retinal ganglion cells and the superior colliculus become functional? Evoked potentials elicited by optic nerve stimulation in the pouch young of the wallaby were used to answer the question. Up to 42 days after birth, the evoked potentials in the colliculus appeared to be generated by axon conduction. Synaptic activity was first recorded from the rostral colliculus at 45 days, and was found to be progressively more caudal, spreading to cover the colliculus, by 65 days. From the earliest indication of synaptic activity until eye opening at 140 days, current source density (CSD) analysis consistently showed the same basic pattern: an initial deep sink from synaptic activity of fast (Y type) fibres, and a more superficial longer-latency sink from slower (W type) fibres. All features became more clearly delineated with age. The indirect retinocorticocollicular connection appeared between 134 days and 146 days. The ability of optic nerve fibres to sustain action potentials precedes their formation of functional synapses with collicular neurons, which happens abruptly at three months before eye opening. CSD analysis showed that the relationship between the conduction velocity of optic nerve fibres and their depth of termination is evident from the first signs of synapse formation.

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Current source-density method and application in cat cerebral cortex: investigation of evoked potentials and EEG phenomena

Cited by 1,573 publications

References 2 publications

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Processing stages underlying word recognition in the anteroventral temporal lobe

Conduction and synaptic transmission in the optic nerve and the superior colliculus during development of the retinocollicular projection in the wallaby (Macropus eugenii)

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