Current state and future prospects for liquid biofuels in Canada

Littlejohns, Jennifer V.; Rehmann, Lars; Murdy, R. J.; Oo, Aung Naing; Neill, Stuart

doi:10.18331/brj2018.5.1.4

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…170 Currently, 6% of total energy supply in Canada is based on renewable energy, 171 which is estimated to contribute 50% if lignocellulosic biomass is being used. 172 Similar is the situation of USA who is using millions of tons of corn for the production of ethanol, while corn prices in USA vary from $148/ton to $155/ton. 173 However, there is a huge quantity of low cost or waste, agricultural waste materials available for production of bioethanol (second generation).…”

Section: Future Prospects and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A variety of feedstocks are available in Canada, which provide a larger capacity for biofuel production than what the grain‐based industry is being produced . Currently, 6% of total energy supply in Canada is based on renewable energy, which is estimated to contribute 50% if lignocellulosic biomass is being used . Similar is the situation of USA who is using millions of tons of corn for the production of ethanol, while corn prices in USA vary from $148/ton to $155/ton .…”

Section: Future Prospects and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Baig

Turcotte

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Production of bioethanol is winning support from masses because it is a workable choice to solve the problems associated with the fluctuating prices of crude petroleum oil, climatic change, and reducing non‐renewable fuel reserves. First‐generation biofuels are produced directly from food crops. The biofuel (bioethanol, biodiesel) is ultimately derived from the starch, sugar, animal fats, and vegetable oil that these crops provide. It is important to note that the structure of the biofuel itself does not change between generations, but rather the source from which the fuel is derived changes. Corn, wheat, and sugar cane are the most commonly used first‐generation bioethanol feed stocks. Lignocellulosic materials are used as a feed stock for the production of second‐generation bioethanol. The major production steps are (1) delignification, (2) depolymerisation, and (3) fermentation. Agricultural residues are waste materials produced through the processing of agricultural crops. The main reason to use of these agricultural residues to produce bioethanol is to convert waste to value added products. The main challenges are the low yield of the cellulosic hydrolysis process due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose with cellulose. Pretreatments of lignocellulosic materials to remove lignin and hemicellulose are the techniques used to enhance the hydrolysis. Present review article comprehensively discusses the different pretreatment methods of delignification for ethanol production. Published literature on pretreatments from 1982 to 2018 has been studied. Perspectives, gaps in studies, and recommendations are given to fully describe implementation of eight prominent pretreatments (milling, pyrolysis, organic solvents, steam explosion, hot water treatments, ozonolysis, enzymatic delignification, and genetic modification) for future research. The energy and environmental features of lignocellulosic materials are elaborated to show a sustainable aspect of second‐generation biofuel. It was felt necessary to discuss the concept of bio refinery to make biofuel production financially more attractive as well because the future prospects of second‐generation biofuel are promising.

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Section: Future Prospects and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Future Prospects and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Baig

Turcotte

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…By product type, this market is segmented on the basis of lignosulfonates, Kraft lignin, Organosolv lignin, and high purity lignin. Today, lignocellulose-rich biomasses, including agrochemical waste, are processed all over the world in commercial mills, demonstration plants, and pilot scale facilities, to produce pulp, paper, lignin, and various LCF-derived chemicals (Table 2) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61]. Table 2.…”

Section: First-and Second-generation Lcf Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2. Pilot plants and industrial production sites for lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) exploitation and valorization [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61].…”

Section: First-and Second-generation Lcf Biorefineriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Input Crops as Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Second-Generation Biorefineries and the Potential of Chemometrics in Biomass Quality Control

et al. 2019

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Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.

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“…For our purposes, the biodiesel industry in NL represents a useful and important sector for exploring S-LCA. Overall, proponents claim that a locally based biodiesel industry is crucial to building provincial innovation, providing for skilled employment opportunities, enabling rural development and agricultural transition (e.g., from small-scale to large-scale farming), and fulfilling soaring consumer energy demands [59][60][61]. Employment, for instance, represents an important socio-economic argument as skilled and relatively high-paid work is required across the biodiesel value chain, from the production of biomass feedstock and chemical conversion of biomass into biodiesel at the industrial level to the end-user supply chain.…”

Section: Application: Testing the Greenzee Model: The Case Of Biodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Modelling Strategies for Social Life Cycle Assessment: A Project Appraisal of Biodiesel Production and Sustainability in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Sajid

Lynch

2018

Sustainability

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Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) is a rapidly evolving social impact assessment tool that allows users to identify the social impacts of products along with their life cycles. In recent years, S-LCA methodologies have been increasingly applied to energy systems and resources with notable success yet with limited reliability and even less flexibility or geographic specificity. In response, this study develops a novel assessment tool, named the GreenZee model, to reflect the social impacts of products and their sustainability using local currency units. The model is developed through evaluating both qualitative and quantitative inputs that capture the perceived monetary value of social impacts. To demonstrate the operationalization of the model, we explore a hypothetical case study of the biodiesel industry in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada. Results indicate that biodiesel production in NL would have positive socio-cultural impacts, high cultural values, and would create employment opportunities for locals. Overall, the GreenZee model provides users with a relatively simple approach to translate a variety of qualitative and quantitative social impact inputs (as importance levels) into meaningful and understandable financial outputs (as strength levels). We argue that building and testing models such as the GreenZee are crucial to supporting more flexible approaches to life cycle assessments that need to address increasingly complex social categories, cultural values, and geographic specificity.

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Current state and future prospects for liquid biofuels in Canada

Abstract: HIGHLIGHTS  In Canada, the potential use of biomass for biofuels far exceeds current use. Various technologies that range in TRL are being explored for biofuel production. Advanced drop-in fuel development is beneficial for significant fuel switching.

Cited by 49 publications

References 68 publications

Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Future prospects of delignification pretreatments for the lignocellulosic materials to produce second generation bioethanol

Low-Input Crops as Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Second-Generation Biorefineries and the Potential of Chemometrics in Biomass Quality Control

Financial Modelling Strategies for Social Life Cycle Assessment: A Project Appraisal of Biodiesel Production and Sustainability in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

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