Current State of the Art of the Solid Rh-Based Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Short-Chain Olefins

Abstract

The hydroformylation of olefins is one of the most important homogeneously catalyzed processes in industry to produce bulk chemicals. Despite the high catalytic activities and selectivity’s using rhodium-based homogeneous hydroformylation catalysts, catalyst recovery and recycling from the reaction mixture remain a challenging topic on a process level. Therefore, technical solutions involving alternate approaches with heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of olefins into aldehydes have been considered and research activities have addressed the synthesis and development of heterogeneous rhodium-based hydroformylation catalysts. Different strategies were pursued by different groups of authors, such as the deposition of molecular rhodium complexes, metallic rhodium nanoparticles and single-atom catalysts on a solid support as well as rhodium complexes present in supported liquids. An overview of the recent developments made in the area of the heterogenization of homogeneous rhodium catalysts and their application in the hydroformylation of short-chain olefins is given. A special focus is laid on the mechanistic understanding of the heterogeneously catalyzed reactions at a molecular level in order to provide a guide for the future design of rhodium-based heterogeneous hydroformylation catalysts.

Heterogeneous Catalyst Based on Phosphine-Containing Organic Polymer for Hydroformylation of Octene-1

“…Considerable experience has been gained in this area. Various approaches to the fixation of the active metal on the surface, in the pores, or inside the structure of the support have been systematized in a number of review papers [14][15][16][17]. The main disadvantage of heterogeneous catalysts for liquid-phase hydroformylation is the leaching of active metal particles into the reaction medium, which causes their rapid deactivation and inability to operate continuously.…”

Reusable Catalysts for Hydroformylation‐Based Reactions

“…Adapted from ref. [39] Scheme 2. Immobilization of Rh/N-xantphos complex onto functionalized hyperbranched poly-(arylene oxindole) polymer (HBPAO).…”

Polymeric Heterogeneous Catalysts in the Hydroformylation of Unsaturated Compounds

“…Given the data published in relevant scientifi c and engineering papers over recent years [37,38], it can be seen that creation of heterogeneous catalysts based on organic polymers is one of the most promising directions in this fi eld of research. These materials have a broad spectrum of various properties that can be fi nely adjusted during synthesis, thus making it possible to obtain a number of catalysts suitable for hydroformylation of different substrates and solving many specifi c problems.…”