Current State of the Practice of Sludge Reduction Technologies

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Water Environment Research Foundation's 05-CTS-3 Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Solids Generation and Disposal aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation methodology for waste activated solids (WAS) reduction processes based on the in-depth consideration of a select number of technologies considered to be representative of the many options currently available in the marketplace. These technologies cover both those intended to reduce the generation of wastewater treatment residuals from the liquid process, as well as those designed to pre-condition solids in order to make it more susceptible to subsequent stabilization processes such as anaerobic digestion.In conjunction with the previous papers -"Current State of the Practice of the Sludge Reduction Technologies" (Sandino et al, 2008) and "Underlying Mechanistic Principles and Proposed Modeling Approach for Waste Activated Sludge Reduction Technologies" (Whitlock et al, 2009) -this paper is the third in a series and is intended to present an evaluation methodology framework for solids reduction technologies. In addition, this paper provides an update of the performance data collected from full-scale facilities. Laboratory analyses conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from samples collected from these same facilities are included as well.The evaluation methodology framework contains a suite of tools, including Sludge Testing Protocol, Process Modeling, Life-Cycle Cost Module, and Multi-Criteria Analysis. This paper discusses the mechanisms behind the technologies, presents performance data, and discusses the operational considerations influencing the observed performance (e.g. wastewater characteristics, activated solids operational practice, solids reduction technology design basis and operation).

“…This is generally consistent with the operating data of WWTPs that have ozonation systems installed using relatively low ozone dosages (Sandino et al, 2008).…”

Section: Simulation Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation Methodology Framework for Processes to Reduce Waste Activated Sludge

Whitlock¹,

Sandino²,

Novak³

et al. 2010

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“…These technologies cover both those intended to reduce the generation of wastewater treatment residuals from the liquid process, as well as those designed to pre-condition solids in order to make it more susceptible to subsequent stabilization processes such as anaerobic digestion.In conjunction with the previous paper titled "CURRENT STATE OF THE PRACTICE OF SLUDGE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES" (Sandino et al, 2008), this paper is intended to focus on the evaluation of the performance data collected from full-scale facilities. Laboratory analyses conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from samples collected from these same facilities are included.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conjunction with the previous paper titled "CURRENT STATE OF THE PRACTICE OF SLUDGE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES" (Sandino et al, 2008), this paper is intended to focus on the evaluation of the performance data collected from full-scale facilities. Laboratory analyses conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from samples collected from these same facilities are included.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underlying Mechanistic Principles, Performance Evaluation and Proposed Modeling Approach for Selected Waste Activated Sludge Reduction Technologies

Sandino¹,

Whitlock²,

Johnson³

et al. 2009

Self Cite

WERF's 05-CTS-3 Evaluation of Processes to Reduce Activated Solids Generation and Disposal aims to establish a comprehensive evaluation methodology for waste activated solids (WAS) reduction processes based on the in-depth consideration of a select number of technologies considered to be representative of the many options currently available in the marketplace. These technologies cover both those intended to reduce the generation of wastewater treatment residuals from the liquid process, as well as those designed to pre-condition solids in order to make it more susceptible to subsequent stabilization processes such as anaerobic digestion.In conjunction with the previous paper titled "CURRENT STATE OF THE PRACTICE OF SLUDGE REDUCTION TECHNOLOGIES" (Sandino et al, 2008), this paper is intended to focus on the evaluation of the performance data collected from full-scale facilities. Laboratory analyses conducted at Virginia Polytechnic Institute from samples collected from these same facilities are included. This paper will discuss the mechanisms behind the technologies, present performance data, and discuss the operational considerations influencing the observed performance (e.g. wastewater characteristics, activated solids operational practice, solids reduction technology design basis and operation).

Employing Energy Management Planning to Achieve Net Zero Energy in Wastewater Operations

Turgeon¹,

Toffey²

2010

This paper outlines how energy management planning can accomplish dual goals of energy self-sufficiency and optimum treatment processing, and how this provides robust performance and acceptable payback on investment, leading to net zero energy wastewater operations. The energy content of wastewater surpasses the energy required by treatment, reportedly be a factor of up to 10 times. Nevertheless, conventional activated sludge plants with advanced treatment consume typically 1,800 kWh/MG of electricity, but facilities vary from 1,000 to 3,000 kWh/MG. Energy efficiency studies conclude that the potential for energy use reductions through efficient pumps and aerators are on the order of 30 to 50 percent, which is a range of about 400 to 700 kWh/MG. For plants with anaerobic digestion, a rule-of-thumb for electrical production from biogasfueled generators is 500 kWh/MG. Supplementation of anaerobic digesters with high strength organic waste and fats, oils and grease is possible where utilities have excess digester capacity. The experience with supplementation is that facilities have increased biogas by a factor of two or three times pre-existing conditions, and are able to have a corresponding increases in electricity production, where generators have been adequately sized. When thermal heat can be returned for plant processes, overall plant efficiencies rise even higher. Energy planning studies have also shown that innovative technologies that build upon anaerobic processes reduce energy usage from typical values, and, further, energy plans have demonstrated some unexpected results, such as the economic and environmental justification of anaerobic digestion combined with thermal processing, such as dryers and incinerators. While local conditions, particularly energy pricing and government subsidies, likely shape the specific planning objectives and outcomes of any individual plant, the variety of energy efficiency and production technologies that are becoming proven can result in a similar endpoint, and specifically net zero energy wastewater treatment.