Current status and challenges of supercritical fluid thermal hydraulics

Liu, X.J.; Song, Meiqi; Xu, Cheng

doi:10.1016/j.nucengdes.2019.110176

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…The supercritical water (SCW) cooled reactor has been considered as one of the most promising Generation IV nuclear reactors due to its high thermal efficiency and simplified design [1,2]. The outlet temperature in the designed SCW reactors is in the range of 500 ºC to 600 ºC [2][3][4], and one of the largest challenges for commercial use is the long-term performance of the cladding and structural materials at such high temperature [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the surface oxide evolution of T91 ferritic-martensitic steel in supercritical water through advanced characterization

2020

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The surface oxide scale formed on T91 steel after exposure to deaerated supercritical water (SCW) at 600 ºC for 100-1500 h are characterized in detail to reveal the oxide evolution over time. A triplex structure with outer, inner and internal oxide layers has been confirmed. The thickness of each oxide layer increases with the exposure time following the power law kinetics. The different oxide phases in each oxide layer are the results of the decreasing partial pressure of oxygen inwards the depth of oxide scale. The inner and internal oxide layers are not uniform in Fe and Cr contents. The internal oxide layer consists of Cr-rich oxide precipitates surrounded by metal matrix in the grain interior, which could be explained by the internal oxidation mechanism. After a further longtime exposure, a continuous thin Cr-rich spinel oxide layer is formed at the internal oxide layer-metal matrix interface, which is the result of transition from internal to external oxidation when the outward diffusion of Cr exceeds the inward diffusion of oxygen. The inner oxide layer consists of Cr-rich spinel oxide precipitates surrounded by Fe-rich spinel oxide. The formation of the inner oxide layer is the result of further oxidation of the internal oxide layer where the metal matrix in the grain interior is oxidized into Fe-rich spinel.

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