Current status and challenges of biohydrogels for applications as supercapacitors and secondary batteries

Armelín, Elaine; Pérez‐Madrigal, Maria M.; Alemán, Carlos; Díaz, David Díaz

doi:10.1039/c6ta01846g

Cited by 97 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…where L is the distance between two electrodes and A is the active area, which is taken as 1 cm 2 . In all cases, Nyquist plots showed the typical shape with a semicircle at high frequencies followed by an inclined spike at low frequencies (Armelin et al, 2016). The reduction of the semicircle was related to the increment of the number of charge carriers and its ionic mobility.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Nacmc Pastes And Hydrogementioning

confidence: 78%

Pastes and hydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as supporting electrolyte of solid electrochemical supercapacitors

Pérez‐Madrigal

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et al. 2018

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Different carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (NaCMC)-based pastes and hydrogels, both containing a salt as supporting electrolyte, have been prepared and characterized as potential solid state electrolyte (SSE) for solid electrochemical supercapacitors (ESCs).The characteristics of the NaCMC-based SSEs have been optimized by examining the influence of five different factors in the capacitive response of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes: i) the chemical nature of the salt used as supporting electrolyte; ii) the concentration of such salt; iii) the concentration of cellulose used to prepare the paste; iv) the concentration of citric acid employed during NaCMC cross-linking; and v) the treatment applied to recover the supporting electrolyte after washing the hydrogel. The specific capacitance of the device prepared using the optimized hydrogel as SSE is 81.5 and 76.8 F/g by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge, respectively, these values decreasing to 60.7 and 75.5 F/g when the SSE is the paste.

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Section: Preparation and Characterization Of Nacmc Pastes And Hydrogementioning

confidence: 78%

Pastes and hydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as supporting electrolyte of solid electrochemical supercapacitors

Pérez‐Madrigal

Edo

Saborío

et al. 2018

Carbohydrate Polymers

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“…31 Moreover, the electrochemical performance of PEDOT can be improved if properly combined with other materials such as graphene, 23,[32][33][34] carbon nanotubes, 35 inorganic oxides, 36,37 and even biomolecules. 26,[38][39][40][41] The present work represents a step ahead with respect to the setup of ESCs composed of PEDOT electrodes and γ-PGA solid electrolytic medium. More specifically, γ-PGA biohydrogel has been synthesized and analyzed in presence of PEDOT and poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT), a PEDOT derivative with an exocyclic hydroxyl group that facilitates its preparation in aqueous environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Electrodes for Supercapacitors Based on the Supramolecular Assembly of Biohydrogel and Conducting Polymer

et al. 2018

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Flexible and lightweight electrodes are prepared using a two-step process. First, poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) microparticles are loaded into poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) hydrogel matrix, during the reaction of the biopolymer chains with the cross-linker, cystamine. After this, PEDOT particles dispersed inside the hydrogel are used as polymerization nuclei for the chronoamperometric synthesis of poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT) in aqueous solution. After characterization of the resulting electrode composites, electrochemical studies revealed that the capacitive properties drastically depend on the polymerization time used to produce PHMeDOT inside the loaded hydrogel matrix. Specifically, flexible electrodes obtained using a polymerization time of 7 hours exhibit an specific capacitance of 45.40.7 mF/cm 2 from cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge long-term stability. The applicability of these electrodes in lightweight and flexible energy-harvesting systems useful for energy-autonomous, low-power, disposable electronic devices, has been proved powering a LED bulb.

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“…27 Very recently, Armelin et al reviewed the use of biohydrogels for supercapacitor applications. 28 These materials, which can be extracted directly or eventually synthesized/recycled from biomass and renewable sources, represent the next stage towards a more sustainable energy storage technology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Hydrogels as Electrolyte for Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Supercapacitors

et al. 2017

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Biosynthetic poly-γ-glutamic acid (-PGA) has been used to produce hydrogels using cystamine as cross-linker and 1-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-3-ethylcarbodiimide methiodide (EDC methiodide) as condensing agent. Eight different hydrogels with different properties were formulated by varying both the molecular weight of -PGA and the -PGA/EDC/cystamine ratio, and subsequently characterized. The most appropriate γ-PGA hydrogel was selected to perform as solid electrolytic medium in organic electrochemical supercapacitors (OESCs) using poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) electrodes based on their mechanical behaviour (consistency and robustness to hold the PEDOT electrodes), morphology, and influence on the electrochemical response of the organic electrode (i.e. specific capacitance, and both maximum energy and power densities values). Hence, PEDOT/γ-PGA energy storage devices fabricated using the most adequate hydrogel formulation displayed a supercapacitor response of 168 F/g and a capacitance retention of 81%. Moreover, after evaluating the maximum energy and power densities (Ragone plot), cyclability, longterm stability, leakage-current, and self-discharging response of PEDOT/γ-PGA OESC devices, results allow us to highlight the merits and great potential of γ-PGA hydrogels as sustainable ion-conductive electrolytes for environmentally friendly energy storage technologies. Our daily activities have become dependent on the available energy supply. Indeed, portable energy storage devices have become essential, not only for operating laptops and smart cell phones, but also for other electronic and electrical systems used in motor vehicles, satellites, sensors, or medical and military equipment. Among other features, these applications require energy storage devices to be cost-affordable, light-weight, durable (long-term stability) and, if possible, sustainable by using eco-friendly materials. Although electrolytic/ceramic batteries and capacitors are both used for energy storage applications, these devices differ in the power and energy densities they can provide. Thus, batteries are characterized by high energy density values (10-100 Wh/kg), while capacitors display high power density values (i.e. they can release the stored energy much faster). 1 In low-energy applications (e.g. motor starting, signal processing and sensing) or when fast pulsed power supply is needed (e.g. electromagnetic forming, Marx generators, pulsed lasers, and particle accelerators, among others), capacitors offer a series of advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, faster charging-discharging times, and long-lasting cycling stability. Electrochemical supercapacitors (ESCs) have emerged as promising energy storage devices displaying higher energy values (i.e. 1-10 Wh/kg for carbon ESCs) than conventional capacitors (i.e. < 0.1 Wh/kg), evidencing a potential future use in largescale high-energy applications. 2 In ESCs, the electric double-layers formed at the electrode-electrolyte interface (i.e. Helmholtz and diffuse layers) contribute to ...

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Current status and challenges of biohydrogels for applications as supercapacitors and secondary batteries

Cited by 97 publications

References 80 publications

Pastes and hydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as supporting electrolyte of solid electrochemical supercapacitors

Pastes and hydrogels from carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt as supporting electrolyte of solid electrochemical supercapacitors

Flexible Electrodes for Supercapacitors Based on the Supramolecular Assembly of Biohydrogel and Conducting Polymer

Poly-γ-glutamic Acid Hydrogels as Electrolyte for Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Supercapacitors

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