Current status and management of canine leishmaniasis in Latin America

Marcondes, Mary; Day, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.022

Cited by 80 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Domestic dogs are considered the main reservoirs of L. infantum, playing an important role in the epidemiology of VL (42,43). The number of infected dogs in South America is estimated in the millions, and there are high infection rates associated with a high risk of human disease (42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase B from Leishmania braziliensis and Its Domains: Promising Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs

et al. 2019

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Leishmaniasis represents a group of parasitic diseases caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Leishmaniasis is one of the major tropical neglected diseases, with 1.5 to 2 million new cases occurring annually. Diagnosis remains a challenge despite advances in parasitological, serological, and molecular methods. Dogs are an important host for the parasite and develop both visceral and cutaneous lesions. Our goal was to contribute to the diagnosis of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using the recombinant cysteine proteinase B (F-CPB) from Leishmania braziliensis and its N- and C-terminal domains (N-CPB and C-CPB) as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from dogs from Northwest Argentina diagnosed with CL were tested by ELISA against a supernatant of L. braziliensis lysate, the F-CPB protein, and its domains. We found values of sensitivity (Se) of 90.7%, 94.4%, and 94.3% and specificity (Sp) of 95.5%, 90.9%, and 91.3% for F-CPB and its N- and C-terminal domains, respectively. In sera from dogs diagnosed with VL from Northeast Argentina, we found Se of 93.3%, 73.3%, and 66.7% and Sp of 92.3%, 76.9%, and 88.5% for F-CPB and its N- and C-terminal domains, respectively. These results support CPB as a relevant antigen for canine leishmaniasis diagnosis in its different clinical presentations. More interestingly, the amino acid sequence of CPB showed high percentages of identity in several Leishmania species, suggesting that the CPB from L. braziliensis qualifies as a good antigen for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis caused by different species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase B from Leishmania braziliensis and Its Domains: Promising Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs

et al. 2019

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“…Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) is widespread from Mexico to Argentina, with autochthonous cases reported in many countries. The number of infected dogs in LATAM is estimated in millions, and there are high infection rates, especially in Brazil (Marcondes & Day 2019). Most epidemiological studies are conducted using serology, but the application of PCR in endemic areas has confirmed that the prevalence of infection in dogs is much higher than the seroprevalence (Baneth et al 2008).…”

Section: Canine Visceral Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most epidemiological studies are conducted using serology, but the application of PCR in endemic areas has confirmed that the prevalence of infection in dogs is much higher than the seroprevalence (Baneth et al 2008). The seroprevalence of CVL in endemic areas of Brazil ranges from 3.1 to 36.0% (Rosypal et al 2007, Belo et al 2017, Marcondes & Day 2019…”

Section: Canine Visceral Leishmaniosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canine visceral leishmaniosis (CVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is one of the most significant zoonotic diseases in LATAM and the geographical distribution of CVL is expanding in the region. CVL is widespread from Mexico to Argentina, with autochthonous cases reported in many countries (Marcondes & Day 2019) [EB1]. Although vaccines can prevent active infection and the risk of development of clinical disease in some dogs, some vaccinated dogs can become progressively infected and transmit the parasite to the sand fly vectors even in the absence of clinical signs (Bongiorno et al 2013, Fernandes et al 2014, Oliva et al 2014, Regina-Silva et al 2016 [EB1].…”

Section: Canine Leishmaniosis In Latammentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Day

Crawford

Marcondes

et al. 2020

J of Small Animal Practice

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Executive Summary The World Small Animal Veterinary Association Vaccination Guidelines Group has produced global guidelines for small companion animal practitioners on best practice in canine and feline vaccination. Recognising that there are unique aspects of veterinary practice in certain geographical regions of the world, the Vaccination Guidelines Group undertook a regional project in Latin America between 2016 and 2019, culminating in the present document. The Vaccination Guidelines Group gathered scientific and demographic data during visits to Argentina, Brazil and Mexico, by discussion with national key opinion leaders, visiting veterinary practices and review of the scientific literature. A questionnaire survey was completed by 1390 veterinarians in five Latin American countries and the Vaccination Guidelines Group delivered continuing education at seven events attended by over 3500 veterinarians. The Vaccination Guidelines Group recognised numerous challenges in Latin America, for example: (1) lack of national oversight of the veterinary profession, (2) extraordinary growth in private veterinary schools of undetermined quality, (3) socioeconomic constraints on client engagement with preventive health care, (4) high regional prevalence of some key infectious diseases (e.g. feline leukaemia virus infection, canine visceral leishmaniosis), (5) almost complete lack of minimal antigen vaccine products as available in other markets, (6) relative lack of vaccine products with extended duration of immunity as available in other markets, (7) availability of vaccine products withdrawn from other markets (e.g. Giardia vaccine) or unique to Latin America (e.g. some Leishmania vaccines), (8) accessibility of vaccines directly by pet owners or breeders such that vaccination is not delivered under veterinary supervision, (9) limited availability of continuing education in veterinary vaccinology and lack of compulsion for continuing professional development and (10) limited peer‐reviewed published scientific data on small companion animal infectious diseases (with the exception of leishmaniosis) and lack of support for such academic research. In this document, the Vaccination Guidelines Group summarises the findings of this project and assesses in evidence‐based fashion the scientific literature pertaining to companion animal vaccine‐preventable diseases in Latin America. The Vaccination Guidelines Group makes some recommendations on undergraduate and postgraduate education and academic research. Recognising that current product availability in Latin America does not permit veterinarians in these countries to vaccinate according to the global World Small Animal Veterinary Association guidelines, the Vaccination Guidelines Group makes a series of “pragmatic” recommendations as to what might be currently achievable, and a series of “aspirational” recommendations as to what might be desirable for the future. The concept of “vaccine husbandry” is addressed via some simple guidelines for the management of vaccine products i...

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“…Highest number of reports related to MIL, Sb V and allopurinol originated in Spain and Italy and in the case of AmB, these countries along were the most represented. The late introduction of MIL in the Brazilian market (Milteforan® was approved in 2016), together with active policies in favor of culling infected dogs in this country[35] could account for this relative scarcity of scienti c reports on MIL. The degree of aggregation with the other drugs was comparable although there were some striking ndings such as the presence of USA in AmB reports or Venezuela in MIL treatment of CanL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Bibliometric Analysis of Chemotherapy of Canine Leishmaniasis (2000-2017)

Olías-Molero

Fontán-Matilla

Alunda

2020

Preprint

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Background Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum is a first order pathology in veterinary clinics of dogs in endemic areas. Moreover, canine infections (CanL) are considered the main reservoir for human disease. Despite the importance of CanL in the control of the diseases within a One Health approach no scientometric study has been published. Aims of the study included the impact of CanL on scientific literature, drugs or combinations used, trends in the period from 2000-2017 and efficacy criteria employed. Methods A Web of Science (WOS) based analysis of publications on CanL and chemotherapy of the disease in the period 2000-2017 was carried out using a stepwise methodology. Data were analyzed by year, geographical origin, chemical groups and drugs and efficacy criteria. Results Reports on CanL represented a 20% of all publications on leishmaniasis and from these ca. 14% were related to chemotherapy. Publications records on CanL followed the distribution of the infection in endemic areas although an overrepresentation of Mediterranean countries was evident. Published reports on the main antileishmanial drugs used in clinical practice showed a sustained tendency in the period analyzed. Sb V , alone or in combination with allopurinol, represented over 50% of all publications on chemotherapy of CanL despite the availability of more recently marketed drugs. Conclusions Chemotherapy of CanL still relies on Sb V and combinations. Reports on chemotherapy are scarce, mostly publicly funded and the variability of experimental conditions make extraordinarily difficult the comparison of efficacy. The vast majority of reports on efficacy do not include any information on supportive therapy; this reduces the actual value of the experiments if intended for the practical management of the disease. Complete reports of the treatments (etiological + symptomatic) would add value to the assays performed.

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Current status and management of canine leishmaniasis in Latin America

Cited by 80 publications

References 197 publications

Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase B from Leishmania braziliensis and Its Domains: Promising Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs

Recombinant Cysteine Proteinase B from Leishmania braziliensis and Its Domains: Promising Antigens for Serodiagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis in Dogs

Recommendations on vaccination for Latin American small animal practitioners: a report of the WSAVA Vaccination Guidelines Group

Bibliometric Analysis of Chemotherapy of Canine Leishmaniasis (2000-2017)

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