Current Status and Recent Developments in Porous Magnesium Fabrication

Kucharczyk, Alicja; Naplocha, K.; Kaczmar, J. W.; Dieringa, Hajo; Kainer, Karl Ulrich

doi:10.1002/adem.201700562

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…For example, in view of direction-dependent Young’s modulus and lightweight, lotus-type porous magnesium has been used for scaffolds in tissue engineering. Lotus-type porous magnesium with excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioresorbability [ 7 ] is also becoming a promising material used for the formation of artificial bones in bioengineering. Lotus-type porous magnesium permits good attachment of tissues to a surface, promotes cell ingrowth, and inhibits bacterial adhesion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Control via the Algebraic Expression of Lotus-Type Pore Shapes in Metals

Wang,

Lee,

Wei

et al. 2024

Materials

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Lotus-type porous metals, characterized by low densities, large surface areas, and directional properties, are contemporarily utilized as lightweight, catalytic, and energy-damping materials; heat sinks; etc. In this study, the effects of dimensionless working parameters on the morphology of lotus-type pores in metals during unidirectional solidification were extensively investigated via general algebraic expressions. The independent dimensionless parameters include metallurgical, transport, and geometrical parameters such as Sieverts’ law constant, a partition coefficient, the solidification rate, a mass transfer coefficient, the imposed mole fraction of a solute gas, the total pressure at the top free surface, hydrostatic pressure, a solute transport parameter, inter-pore spacing, and initial contact angle. This model accounts for transient gas pressure in the pore, affected by the solute transfer, gas, capillary, and hydrostatic pressures, and Sieverts’ laws at the bubble cap and top free surface. Solute transport across the cap accounts for solute convection at the cap and the amount of solute rejected by the solidification front into the pore. The shape of lotus-type pores can be described using a proposed fifth-degree polynomial approximation, which captures the major portions between the initial contact angle and the maximum radius at a contact angle of 90 degrees, obtained by conserving the total solute content in the system. The proposed polynomial approximation, along with its working parameters, offers profound insights into the formation and shape of lotus-type pores in metals. It systematically provides deep insights into mechanisms that may not be easily revealed with experimental studies. The prediction of a lotus-type pore shape is thus algebraically achieved in good agreement with the available experimental data and previous analytical results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Control via the Algebraic Expression of Lotus-Type Pore Shapes in Metals

Wang,

Lee,

Wei

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…Among the metallic foams with millimeter-sized pores, magnesium alloy foams with open-pore structures (porous magnesium alloy foams) have been proposed to be superior in terms of lightweight, stiffness, damping capacity, and biocompatibility [1][2][3][4][5]. However, the development of porous Mg alloy foams has been slowed due to high production costs and processability challenges [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive sintering principle and compressive properties of porous AZ91 magnesium alloy foams produced by powder metallurgy approach

Agbedor

Yang

Chen

et al. 2022

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Porous magnesium alloy foams have gained tremendous interest from scientists because of their super lightweight, unique mechanical and physical properties. Despite numerous studies suggesting these advanced materials for structural and functional applications, their manufacturing processes remain poorly understood. In this paper, the porous Mg‐9 wt. %Al‐1 wt. % Zn alloy foam was prepared through the reactive sintering principle (i. e. the element metal powder reaction principle) by using the powder metallurgical method that is combined with a pore‐making agent. The chemical and phase compositions of the cell wall microstructure were investigated by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. The compressive properties of the foams were evaluated by quasi‐static compression testing. The results of the analysis reveal that low‐temperature sintering can produce qualitative magnesium alloy foams with good mechanical properties by taking advantage of the intermetallic/or intermediate compounds which are formed in the cell wall through metal elements powder diffusion and reaction. Particularly, the foam samples sintered at 380 °C for 12 h gave the best compressive properties owing to the alloy intermetallic contents and the relative density of the foams.

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“…In this context, morphing materials are of great interest and might bring constructional aspects to the limit (Sun et al, 2016;Goh et al, 2017). Despite this trend there is a lot of space to use new magnesium alloys, such as DieMag633, MRI230D (Gavras et al, 2019;Tu et al, 2019), Mg-Zn-Ca based (Pan et al, 2016;You et al, 2017;Tu et al, 2019), magnesium based foams (Kucharczyk et al, 2017) or high strength AM60 + 1AlN nanocomposites (Dieringa et al, 2017;Malaki et al, 2019). Particularly with regards to manned aerial vehicles (MAV's) or even air-taxis which might become very expensive and not environmental benign if they are conventionally designed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Magnesium Based Materials: Are They Reliable Drone Construction Materials? A Mini Review

et al. 2021

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Novel magnesium-based materials are ideal candidates for use in future aviation vehicles because they are extremely light and can therefore significantly increase the range of these vehicles. They show very good castability, are easy to machine and can be shaped into profiles or forgings to be used as components for next generation aerial vehicle construction. In the case of a large number of identical components, high-pressure die casting of magnesium alloys is clearly superior to high-pressure die casting of aluminum alloys. This is due to the lower solubility of iron in magnesium and thus tool/casting life is significantly longer. In addition, the die filling times for magnesium high-pressure die casting are approximately 30% shorter. This is due to the lower density: aluminum alloys are approximately 50% heavier than magnesium alloys, which is a significant disadvantage for aluminum alloys especially in the aerospace industry. There are cost-effective novel die casting alloys, besides AZ91 or AM50/60 such as DieMag633 or MRI230D, which show very good specific strength at room and elevated temperatures. In the case of magnesium-based wrought alloys, the choice is smaller, a typical representative of these materials is AZ31, but some new alloys based on Mg-Zn-Ca are currently being developed which show improved formability. However, magnesium alloys are susceptible to environmental influences, which can be eliminated by suitable coatings. Novel corrosion protection concepts for classical aerial vehicles currently under development might suitable but may need adaption to the construction constraints or to vehicle dependent exposure scenarios. Within this mini-review a paradigm change due to utilization of new magnesium materials as drone construction material is briefly introduced and future fields of applications within next-generation aerial vehicles, manned or unmanned, are discussed. Possible research topics will be addressed.

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Current Status and Recent Developments in Porous Magnesium Fabrication

Cited by 34 publications

References 85 publications

Parametric Control via the Algebraic Expression of Lotus-Type Pore Shapes in Metals

Parametric Control via the Algebraic Expression of Lotus-Type Pore Shapes in Metals

Reactive sintering principle and compressive properties of porous AZ91 magnesium alloy foams produced by powder metallurgy approach

Novel Magnesium Based Materials: Are They Reliable Drone Construction Materials? A Mini Review

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