Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem

Järup, Lars; Åkesson, Agneta

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.020

Cited by 2,049 publications

(1,271 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The concentration in the kidney cortex increases with age, and U-Cd thus is a more appropriate marker of lifelong exposure than the Cd concentration in blood, which mainly reflects current exposure. (2,18) To minimize the risk of Cd contamination of the urine, the women received detailed sampling instructions, and the first voided morning urine was collected in cups that had tested free from Cd contamination.…”

Section: Biomarker Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Smokers are additionally exposed as a result of the high cadmium content of tobacco smoke. (2) Cd is highly toxic and carcinogenic. (2) The negative effect of Cd on bone became evident following the outbreak of Itai-Itai disease in Japan more than 50 years ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Cd is highly toxic and carcinogenic. (2) The negative effect of Cd on bone became evident following the outbreak of Itai-Itai disease in Japan more than 50 years ago. This severe disease was characterized by renal and bone damage, with bone deformities and multiple fractures occurring as a consequence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This severe disease was characterized by renal and bone damage, with bone deformities and multiple fractures occurring as a consequence. (2) Recently, Cd has been associated with low bone mass of the forearm (3)(4)(5)(6) and the hip (7) at considerably lower exposure levels in some but far from all studies. (8)(9)(10)(11) Therefore, a possible role of Cd in the public health context of osteoporosis needs to be evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Engström

Michaëlsson

Suwazono

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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127

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All people are exposed to cadmium (Cd) via food; smokers are additionally exposed. High Cd exposure is associated with severe bone damage, but the public health impact in relation to osteoporosis and fractures at low environmental exposure remains to be clarified. Within the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, we assessed urinary Cd [U-Cd, mg/g of creatinine (cr)] as a marker of lifetime exposure and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) among 2688 women. Register-based information on fractures was retrieved from 1997 to 2009. Associations were evaluated by multivariable regression analyses. In linear regression, U-Cd was inversely associated with BMD at the total body ( p < .001), femoral neck ( p ¼ .025), total hip ( p ¼ .004), lumbar spine ( p ¼ .088), and volumetric femoral neck ( p ¼ .013). In comparison with women with U-Cd < 0.50 mg/g of cr, those with U-Cd ! 0.75 mg/g of cr had odds ratios (ORs) of 2.45 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-3.97] and 1.97 (95% CI 1.24-3.14) for osteoporosis at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, respectively. Among never-smokers, the corresponding ORs were 3.47 (95% CI 1.46-8.23) and 3.26 (95% CI 1.44-7.38). For any first fracture (n ¼ 395), the OR was 1.16 (95% CI 0.89-1.50) comparing U-Cd ! 0.50 mg/g of cr with lower levels. Among never-smokers, the ORs (95% CIs) were 2.03 (1.33-3.09) for any first fracture, 2.06 (1.28-3.32) for first osteoporotic fracture, 2.18 (1.20-3.94) for first distal forearm fracture, and 1.89 (1.25-2.85) for multiple incident fractures. U-Cd at low environmental exposure from food in a general population of women showed modest but significant association with both BMD and fractures, especially in neversmokers, indicating a larger concern than previously known. ß

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Section: Biomarker Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Engström

Michaëlsson

Suwazono

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Self Cite

127

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“…Cd has a long biological half-life of 17-30 years in humans. Evidence suggests that food and cigarette smoke are the major sources of non-occupational Cd exposure in the general population (Jarup and Akesson 2009). Occupational exposure results mainly from Cd fume inhalation in the cadmium-nickel battery industry, as well as from coating and plating of metals and in the production of stabilizers for plastic and paint pigments (ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated with Cadmium Exposure: Beneficial Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin

Kukongviriyapan

Apaijit

Kukongviriyapan

2016

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Cadmium (Cd) is a non-essential heavy metal with high toxicity potential. Humans are exposed to Cd present in diet, polluted air, and cigarette smoke. Cd exposure has been associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and nephropathy, all of which could be attributable to dysfunctional endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Cd toxicity is correlated with increased reactive oxygen formation and depletion of antioxidants, resulting in an oxidative stress. Chelation of Cd has proved useful in the removal of the Cd burden. However, several chelating agents cause side effects in clinical usage. Recent studies have shown that the antioxidant compounds curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin can alleviate vascular dysfunction and high blood pressure caused by Cd toxicity. In chronic Cd exposure, these antioxidants protect vascular endothelium by increasing nitric oxide (NO•) bioavailability and improving vascular function. Antioxidant activity against Cd intoxication results directly and/or indirectly through free radical scavenging, metal chelation, enhanced expression of the antioxidant defense system, regulation of inflammatory enzymes, increase in NO• bioavailability, and reduction of gastrointestinal absorption and tissue Cd accumulation. This review summarizes current knowledge of Cd-induced oxidative stress and cardiovascular dysfunction and a possible protective effect conferred by the antioxidants curcumin and tetrahydrocurcumin.

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Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Tobacco Smoke and the 10-Year Cumulative Incidence of Olfactory Impairment

Schubert

Pinto

Paulsen

et al. 2021

JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg

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IMPORTANCEOlfactory impairment is common in older adults. Identification of modifiable risk factors for olfactory impairment at midlife has the potential to reduce the burden of olfactory impairment at older ages.OBJECTIVE To determine the 10-year cumulative incidence of olfactory impairment and evaluate potentially modifiable risk factors for impairment including exposure to cadmium, lead, and tobacco smoke.

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Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem

Cited by 2,049 publications

References 82 publications

Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Long-term cadmium exposure and the association with bone mineral density and fractures in a population-based study among women

Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Dysfunction Associated with Cadmium Exposure: Beneficial Effects of Curcumin and Tetrahydrocurcumin

Exposure to Cadmium, Lead, and Tobacco Smoke and the 10-Year Cumulative Incidence of Olfactory Impairment

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