Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology)

Fonseca‐Alves, Carlos Eduardo; Ferreira, Ênio; Massoco, Cristina de Oliveira; Strauss, Bryan E.; Fávaro, Wagner José; Cruz, Natália Oyafuso da; Cunha, Simone Carvalho dos Santos; Castro, Jorge Luiz Costa; Rangel, Marcelo Monte Mór; Brunner, C; Tellado, Matías Nicolás; Anjos, Denner Santos dos; Fernandes, Simone; Nardi, Andrigo B. De; Biondi, Luiz Roberto; Dagli, M.L.

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.707025

Cited by 19 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…In the present study, the number of CD163 + cells/HPF was significantly higher in oral melanomas when compared to oral melanocytomas; moreover, a moderate positive correlation was observed with nuclear atypia and mitotic index, together with a negative correlation with pigmentation and the presence of melanophages. Taken together, these results seem to indicate an increase of CD163 + cells in association with malignant prognostic markers (nuclear atypia and mitotic index), and an inverse correlation with pigmentation, usually associated with a better outcome (53).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Oral and Cutaneous Melanomas and Melanocytomas: Phenotypic and Prognostic Assessment

et al. 2022

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The tumor microenvironment is a complex system, where neoplastic cells interact with immune and stromal cells. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered among the most numerically and biologically noteworthy cellular components in tumors and the attention on this cellular population has been growing during the last decade, both for its prognostic role and as a potential future therapeutic target. Melanoma, particularly the oral form, despite being one of the most immunogenic tumors, bears a poor prognosis in dogs and humans, due to its highly aggressive biological behavior and limited therapeutic options. The aims of this study are to characterize and quantify TAMs (using CD163, CD204, Iba1, and MAC387) in canine melanocytic tumors and to evaluate the association of these markers with diagnosis, histologic prognostic features, presence of metastases, and outcome, and to provide preliminary data for possible future therapies targeting TAMs. Seventy-two melanocytic tumors (27 oral melanomas, 25 cutaneous melanomas, 14 cutaneous melanocytomas, and 6 oral melanocytomas) were retrospectively selected and submitted to immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. Double immunolabeling revealed that most CD163+ and CD204+cells co-expressed Iba1, which labeled also dendritic cells. Iba1 was instead rarely co-expressed with MAC387. Nevertheless, the expression of macrophagic markers showed a mild to moderate association among the four markers, except for CD204 and MAC387. The number of CD163+, CD204+, and MAC387+ cells was significantly higher in oral melanomas compared to oral melanocytomas (p < 0.001; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas Iba1 was differentially expressed in cutaneous melanomas and melanocytomas (p < 0.05). Moreover, CD163, IBA1 and MAC387 expression was associated with nuclear atypia and mitotic count. The number of CD163+cells was associated with the presence of metastases and tumor-related death in oral melanocytic tumors (p < 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Oral and Cutaneous Melanomas and Melanocytomas: Phenotypic and Prognostic Assessment

et al. 2022

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“…The clinical, pathological, and prognostic features of canine melanoma have recently been reviewed [ 15 , 16 ]. OMM can be classified as melanotic or amelanotic, and its amelanotic counterpart is considered more aggressive than its melanotic counterpart [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling the Risk Factors and Etiology of the Canine Oral Mucosal Melanoma: Results of an Epidemiological Questionnaire, Oral Microbiome Analysis and Investigation of Papillomavirus Infection

Carvalho

Carrilho

Anjos³

et al. 2022

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Oral mucosal melanoma (OMM) is the most common oral cancer in dogs and is very aggressive in this species; its risk factors and etiology are yet to be determined. This study aimed to unravel the risk factors for the development of OMM in dogs and to investigate the possible presence of papillomaviruses as an etiological factor. A case-control study was conducted in 15 dogs with OMM and 15 paired controls whose owners answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Oral swabs from the same dogs were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for microbiome analyses. In addition, DNA fragments of OMM had their DNA extracted and amplified by polymerase chain reaction in an attempt to detect canine papillomaviruses. The gingiva was the most frequent anatomical site (47%) of OMM, and most tumors were stage III when diagnosed. Most dogs bearing OMM and the controls had grade 3 periodontal disease, and this factor, along with tartar treatment and tooth brushing, did not differ between cases and controls. Most dogs with OMM and most controls had contact with smokers; there was no statistically significant difference. Canine papillomaviruses were not detected among OMM cases. Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly increased in case dogs compared to the controls. As these bacteria are reportedly involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and esophageal cancer in humans, we suggest that they might be risk factors for the development of canine OMM. The limitations of this study include the low number of dogs, and therefore, further studies on canine OMM with larger numbers of animals are encouraged.

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“…Surgery is the firstline treatment of choice for the local control of the tumor and correct surgical excision plays a fundamental role in the outcome of the disease (7). It can be flanked by radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (12). However, metastatic lesions are generally resistant to chemotherapy (4).…”

Section: Canine Oral Malignant Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine Melanoma Immunology and Immunotherapy: Relevance of Translational Research

et al. 2022

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In veterinary oncology, canine melanoma is still a fatal disease for which innovative and long-lasting curative treatments are urgently required. Considering the similarities between canine and human melanoma and the clinical revolution that immunotherapy has instigated in the treatment of human melanoma patients, special attention must be paid to advancements in tumor immunology research in the veterinary field. Herein, we aim to discuss the most relevant knowledge on the immune landscape of canine melanoma and the most promising immunotherapeutic approaches under investigation. Particular attention will be dedicated to anti-cancer vaccination, and, especially, to the encouraging clinical results that we have obtained with DNA vaccines directed against chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4), which is an appealing tumor-associated antigen with a key oncogenic role in both canine and human melanoma. In parallel with advances in therapeutic options, progress in the identification of easily accessible biomarkers to improve the diagnosis and the prognosis of melanoma should be sought, with circulating small extracellular vesicles emerging as strategically relevant players. Translational advances in melanoma management, whether achieved in the human or veterinary fields, may drive improvements with mutual clinical benefits for both human and canine patients; this is where the strength of comparative oncology lies.

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Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology)

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Oral and Cutaneous Melanomas and Melanocytomas: Phenotypic and Prognostic Assessment

Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Canine Oral and Cutaneous Melanomas and Melanocytomas: Phenotypic and Prognostic Assessment

Unraveling the Risk Factors and Etiology of the Canine Oral Mucosal Melanoma: Results of an Epidemiological Questionnaire, Oral Microbiome Analysis and Investigation of Papillomavirus Infection

Canine Melanoma Immunology and Immunotherapy: Relevance of Translational Research

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