“…For cost-effectiveness analysis, physical or ''natural'' units, such as cases treated or years of life gained, are used; for cost-utility analysis, health state utility values such as QALYs are used; for cost-minimization analysis, only input costs are considered to identify the least expensive way to achieve the same outcome; and for cost-benefit analysis, outcomes are measured in monetary units. The distinction between these analyses is described more fully elsewhere [1,3,4,13].…”