Current status of environmental, health, and safety issues of electrochemical capacitors for advanced vehicle applications

Vimmerstedt, Laura; Hammel, Carol J.

doi:10.2172/481553

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…during vehicle accidents. 10 Another advantage over the use of aqueous electrolytes is their non-corrosive nature, allowing for cheaper materials of construction to be used and cycle life of the full device is prolonged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of electrochemical capacitor performance with room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte viscosity and ion size

Sillars

Fletcher

Mirzaeian

et al. 2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The use of Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) electrolytes promises to improve the energy density of Electrochemical Capacitors (ECs) by allowing for operation at higher voltages. RTIL electrolytes 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF(4)), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide (EMImN(CN)(2)), 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (DMPImTFSI), and 1-butyl-3-methylpyrrolidinium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate (BMPyFAP) were studied. Tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate 1 molar solution in anhydrous propylene carbonate (Et(4)NBF(4)-PC 1M) was studied for comparison purposes. Carbon was produced from phenolic resin activated in CO(2). The porosity of the carbon samples were characterised by N(2) adsorption-desorption at 77 K and the relevant electrochemical behaviour was characterised by galvanostatic charge-discharge, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The highest operating voltage of 3.5 V was obtained for BMPyFAP, whilst the best capacitive performance was obtained for EMImBF(4). The maximum energy density increased to 70 Wh kg(-1) (carbon) for RTIL EMImBF(4) from 35 Wh kg(-1)(carbon) for the organic electrolyte Et(4)NBF(4)-PC 1M. It was found that the performance of the RTIL electrolytes could be related to the IL viscosity and ion size whilst the electrolyte equivalent series resistances produced a linear relationship with viscosity. It was found that the capacitance performance of the RTIL electrolytes followed the order EMImBF(4) > DMPImTFSI > BMPyFAP > EMImN(CN)(2). The electrolyte and equivalent series resistance were in the order EMImN(CN)(2) < EMImBF(4) < DMPImTFSI < BMPyFAP.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation of electrochemical capacitor performance with room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte viscosity and ion size

Sillars

Fletcher

Mirzaeian

et al. 2012

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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“…In addition, organic electrolytes suffer from serious health and safety problems as they are volatile, flammable, and can be toxic. 4 Ultracapacitors incorporating organic electrolytes can safely work within a rather narrow temperature range and have the potential to explode under certain circumstances ͑e.g., during car accidents͒.…”

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confidence: 99%

Incorporating Ionic Liquid Electrolytes into Polymer Gels for Solid-State Ultracapacitors

Henry

Turchi

et al. 2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

130

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Electrolytes are an important component in determining the performance and cycle life of ultracapacitors. Good electrolytes should have high ionic conductivity, large electrochemical windows, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Ionic liquids are possibly ideal electrolytes to satisfy these requirements. In the present work, we developed easy-to-use methods to incorporate ionic liquids into a polymer matrix to synthesize gel polymer electrolytes ͑GPEs͒. Combining the advantages of both the ionic liquids and the conventional GPEs, the resultant solid-state ionic liquid-incorporated gel polymer electrolytes ͑ILGPEs͒ possess better properties than these two components considered individually. Our synthesized ILGPE films are flexible and mechanically strong and have a wide electrochemical window of 4 V, a high ionic conductivity up to 3.5 mS/cm ͑at room temperature͒, and a high thermal stability up to 350°C. These ILGPEs have been used to fabricate solid-state ultracapacitors that demonstrate improved performance and cycle life.

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Current status of environmental, health, and safety issues of electrochemical capacitors for advanced vehicle applications

Cited by 2 publications

References 7 publications

Variation of electrochemical capacitor performance with room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte viscosity and ion size

Variation of electrochemical capacitor performance with room temperature ionic liquid electrolyte viscosity and ion size

Incorporating Ionic Liquid Electrolytes into Polymer Gels for Solid-State Ultracapacitors

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