Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions

Miller, Henry E.; Ilieva, Mirolyuba; Bishop, Alexander J.R.; Uchida, Shizuka

doi:10.3390/ncrna8020023

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…This study and others clearly link the importance of lncRNAs in pathogenesis of T2D. Furthermore, lncRNAs can be the determinants to understand how RNA metabolisms are regulated through RNA modifications (epitranscriptomics), as we recently reviewed [92].…”

Section: Diabetes-associated Lncrnassupporting

confidence: 57%

Potential Involvement of LncRNAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Ilieva

Uchida

2023

Genes

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Characterized by cardiovascular disease and diabetes, cardiometabolic diseases are a major cause of mortality around the world. As such, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that most of the mammalian genome are transcribed as RNA, but only a few percent of them encode for proteins. All of the RNAs that do not encode for proteins are collectively called non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Among these ncRNAs, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are considered as missing keys to understand the pathogeneses of various diseases, including cardiometabolic diseases. Given the increased interest in lncRNAs, in this study, we will summarize the latest trend in the lncRNA research from the perspective of cardiometabolism and disease by focusing on the major risk factors of cardiometabolic diseases: obesity, cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. Because genetic inheritance is unavoidable in cardiometabolic diseases, we paid special attention to the genetic factors of lncRNAs that may influence cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Diabetes-associated Lncrnassupporting

confidence: 57%

Potential Involvement of LncRNAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Ilieva

Uchida

2023

Genes

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“…In recent years, there has been increasing interest in noncoding RNAs-mediated epigenetic regulation of transcription in diverse biological functions [ 29 , 30 ]. The function of miRNAs in Achilles tendinopathy has been investigated, but the role of lncRNAs remains largely obscure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-inflammatory activity of long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 in Achilles tendinopathy

Ke¹,

Zhang

2023

J Orthop Surg Res

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Achilles tendinopathy is a prevalent clinical problem that plagues athletes and general populations. Achilles tendon healing is a complex process, and so far, there is no successful long-term solution to Achilles tendinopathy in the field of microsurgery due to its poor natural regeneration ability. Limitations in understanding the pathogenesis of Achilles tendon development and Achilles tendon injury hinder clinical treatment developments. There is an increasing demand for innovative conservative treatments that can improve Achilles tendon injury. In this study, a Sprague–Dawley rat model of Achilles tendinopathy was established. Lentiviral vectors that interfere with the expression of FOXD2-AS1, miR-21-3p, or PTEN were injected every 3 days. Rats were euthanized after 3 weeks, and the effect of FOXD2-AS1, miR-21-3p, or PTEN on Achilles tendon healing was analyzed by histological observation, biomechanical test, and examinations of inflammatory factors and tendon markers. As measured, downregulating FOXD2-AS1 or upregulating miR-21-3p improved histological structure, suppressed inflammation, promoted the expression of tendon markers, and optimized the biomechanical properties of Achilles tendon. Upregulating PTEN was capable of reversing the promoting effect of inhibition of FOXD2-AS1 on Achilles tendon healing. As concluded, deficiency of FOXD2-AS1 accelerates the healing of Achilles tendon injury and improves tendon degeneration by regulating the miR-21-3p/PTEN axis and promoting the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

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“…55 LncRNAs may increase or decrease gene expression during transcription by forming structures, such as the R loop, and after transcription. 56,57 LncRNAs can act as precursors for miRNAs or bind to these regulatory molecules as Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and disrupt their inhibitory function on target genes. 58,59 Also, LncRNAs play a crucial role in several cellular processes, including cell growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis.…”

Section: Lncrnas and Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, lncRNAs were also considered to be evolutionary byproducts or transcriptional noise 54 ; however, it has been shown that lncRNAs have various functions and are involved in processes such as chromatin remodeling, mediating enzyme activity, transcriptional editing, and regulation 55 . LncRNAs may increase or decrease gene expression during transcription by forming structures, such as the R loop, and after transcription 56,57 . LncRNAs can act as precursors for miRNAs or bind to these regulatory molecules as Competing Endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and disrupt their inhibitory function on target genes 58,59 .…”

Section: Lncrnas and Mechanisms Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic significance of long noncoding RNAs in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer

Alzahrani,

Saleh,

latypova

et al. 2024

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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About 70% of cases of breast cancer are compromised by Estrogen‐positive breast cancer. Through its regulation of several processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis, Estrogen signaling plays a pivotal role in the genesis and progression of this particular kind of breast cancer. One of the best treatment strategies for treating Estrogen‐positive breast cancer is blocking Estrogen signaling. However, patients' treatment failure is mainly caused by the emergence of resistance and metastases, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have shown long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) to play a role in Estrogen‐mediated carcinogenesis. These lncRNAs interact with co‐regulators and the Estrogen signaling cascade components, primarily due to Estrogen activation. Vimentin and E‐cadherin are examples of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition markers, and they regulate genes involved in cell cycle progression, such as Cyclins, to affect the growth, proliferation, and metastasis of Estrogen‐positive breast cancer. Furthermore, a few of these lncRNAs contribute to developing resistance to chemotherapy, making them more desirable targets for enhancing results. Thus, to shed light on the creation of fresh approaches for treating this cancer, this review attempts to compile recently conducted studies on the relationship between lncRNAs and the advancement of Estrogen‐positive breast cancer.

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Current Status of Epitranscriptomic Marks Affecting lncRNA Structures and Functions

Cited by 9 publications

References 142 publications

Potential Involvement of LncRNAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Potential Involvement of LncRNAs in Cardiometabolic Diseases

Pro-inflammatory activity of long noncoding RNA FOXD2-AS1 in Achilles tendinopathy

Therapeutic significance of long noncoding RNAs in estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer

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