Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections

Abstract

Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis.

New Approaches to Assessing and Forecasting Morbidity With Enterovirus (Non-Polio) Infection in the Russian Federation Using Mathematical Models

“…Introduction. Enterovirus (non-polio) infection (EVnI) as a global issue is given a lot of attention [1,2] and many research works by leading foreign and domestic scientists focus on examining it 1 [3,4]. Experience gained worldwide and in Russia as well and accumulated knowledge call for their scientific and rational use to influence the epidemic process efficiently.…”

“…However, dynamics of incidence with EVnI in the RF shows that it still apparently tends to grow. According to some authors, this trend occurs due to a change in dominating virulent NPEV variants [11,12]; according to others, with incidence being revealed more efficiently due to improved laboratory diagnostics 4 [13].…”