Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

Aranguren, Luis Fernando; Gomez-Sanchez, Muriel Maria; Piedrahita, Yahira; Nam, Hung; Cruz‐Flores, Roberto; Alenton, Rod Russel R.; Dhar, Arun K.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272456

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…We did not find any characteristic tissue alterations or Cowdry type A inclusion bodies as histological indicators of this virus. Reports of this virus causing pathology in shrimp are now very rare (Aranguren Caro et al 2022) such that we agree with Brock et al (2023) that IHHNV should no longer be a virus listed for shrimp by WOAH (Brock et al 2023).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Intriago,

Medina,

Cercado

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Multiple PCR analyzes were performed using 19 different primer sets to open and broaden the search spectrum for shrimp pathogens. In addition, multiple primer pairs for 10 pathogens were compared to see if there were differences in selectivity or sensitivity among them. Some pathogens that did not present histological lesions were detected. The most important outcome was that selection of appropriate primers was the most critical factor in obtaining reliable results. We found high variability in results among primers and we learned it was prudent to seasonally assess among them for the best set selection. It is important to understand that a PCR positive test result alone does not confirm the presence of a viable pathogen or a disease state. Nor, as might be expected, does it mean that the positive PCR test results will be necessarily accompanied by histological lesions characteristic of the targeted pathogen. However, the use of appropriately selected primers sets can reveal whether there is an evolution in the result spectrum over time and if some pathogens disappear or reappear or new ones emerge. In general, most shrimp presented coinfections that consisted of the presence of WzSV8, DHPV, chronic midgut inflammation and tubule distension/epithelial atrophy consistent with Pir A/B toxicity. Also included were RLB/NHPB, microsporidia, striated muscle necrosis, gregarines in the hindgut caecum (gametocyte stage, and not associated with tegumental glands but glands that line the mouth and anus) and encysted, presumed nematode larvae. WzSV8 was newly discovered in gonads. Histological changes and the presence of spheroids in the lymphoid organ were considered as healthy host responses of often unidentified cause.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Reports of this virus causing pathology in shrimp are now very rare (Aranguren Caro et al 2022;Romero, 2022) such that we agree with Brock et al (2023) that IHHNV should no longer be a virus listed for shrimp by WOAH (Brock et al 2023).…”

Section: Bothsupporting

confidence: 80%

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Intriago,

Medina,

Cercado

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…IHHNV infection in post‐larvae and juveniles of P. stylirostris was initially reported to cause acute and mass mortality of up to 90% in a short period of time, 65,66 whereas large‐scale mortality does not occur in juveniles of P. vannamei and P. monodon 61 . Even the circulating genotypes of IHHNV do not cause mortality even in P. stylirostris 67 . Instead, runt‐deformity syndrome can occur in these species, which has the typical clinical signs of growth retardation, deformation of the rostrum and sixth abdominal segment and tail fan, wrinkled antennal flagella and cuticular roughness 68 .…”

Section: Molecular Diagnostic Methods For Shrimp Viral Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acid amplification‐based methods for diagnosis of shrimp viral diseases

Lee,

Vijayan,

Roh

et al. 2023

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Viral diseases are one of the constraints affecting the sustainability of the shrimp farming industry worldwide. The common causes of viral infections include white spot syndrome virus, infectious hypodermal and haematopoietic necrosis virus, hepatopancreatic parvovirus, Penaeus monodon nudivirus, decapod iridescent virus 1, Taura syndrome virus, yellow head virus, infectious myonecrosis virus and Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus. Accurate diagnostic methods are necessary for preventing the spread of these transboundary diseases. Many molecular diagnostic methods for shrimp viral diseases have been developed and are currently in use, including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), nested PCR, loop‐mediated isothermal amplification PCR, recombinase polymerase assay and real‐time PCR. Although the World Organization for Animal Health (founded as OIE) recommends several PCR methods for shrimp disease diagnosis, there has been a lack of efforts to comparatively evaluate the performance of the available methods, resulting in a significant knowledge gap. Therefore, in this review, we compare various PCR assays and commercial PCR‐based diagnostic kits that have been developed and/or published previously, and discuss pros and cons of each of these methods. Our objective of this review is to offer enhanced clarity and a comprehensive overview of molecular diagnostic methods for shrimp viral diseases. This endeavour would serve as an important resource for researchers engaged in relevant studies and professionals within the shrimp‐farming industry, providing valuable guidance and insights.

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“…In PCEs where the presence of co-infections is not considered, ambiguity arises in attributing the observed experimental outcomes to the specific study pathogen, particularly when the disease outcomes may be sub-clinical. 107 Given the frequency and significance of multiple pathogen infections in production shrimp, 19,98 pre-screening experimental shrimp prior to introduction into the PCE system is critical to the validity of subsequent PCE results. Particularly, screening for a broad range of potential pathogens with focus on those that are endemic to the source of the shrimp, prior to and, at the conclusion of PCEs is necessitated.…”

Section: Screening Experimental Animals For Additional Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a ‘systems’ approach for viral challenge experiments in shrimp: Reporting guidelines for publication

Arbon,

Andrade Martinez,

Jerry

et al. 2023

Reviews in Aquaculture

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The success of contemporary disease management strategies in shrimp aquaculture, such as the ‘systems’ approach, is predicated on robust knowledge of the conditions and interactions between the host, pathogen and environment that promote disease. Pathogen challenge experiments (PCEs) are a power tool for investigating these conditions and interactions. However, absence of accurately reported experimental detail in published PCEs limits scientific transparency, reproducibility, and the potential for the research to make progressive advancements contributing to contemporary shrimp disease management strategies. This review identifies and discusses key factors relating to the host (shrimp), pathogen (virus), and environment that should be carefully considered during the design and publication of PCEs. We offer substantial evidence of their impact on viral disease outcomes, drawn from the existing body of literature, to supporting their consideration. The prevalence of reported experimental details for these factors across 186 viral PCEs in shrimp were evaluated. The review highlights a concerning paucity of experimental detail reported in published shrimp PCEs. We propose a checklist for the minimum reportable information in the publication of shrimp viral PCEs, hereafter referred to as the Shrimp PCE Reporting Guidelines (SPERG). The guidelines aim to enhance the transparency and standardisation of reporting in published PCEs, ensuring that key factors pertaining to the shrimp, pathogen, and environment are adequately considered and documented. Adoption of SPERG is envisaged to empower researchers, reviewers, and readers to assess the internal and external validity of PCEs, facilitating critical evaluation and improved utility of PCE findings for contemporary disease management.

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Current status of infection with infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV) in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian shrimp industry

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Passive surveillance for shrimp pathogens inPenaeus vannameisubmitted from 3 Regions of Latin America

Nucleic acid amplification‐based methods for diagnosis of shrimp viral diseases

Towards a ‘systems’ approach for viral challenge experiments in shrimp: Reporting guidelines for publication

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