Current status of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the Philippines

Leonardo, Lydia; Hernandez, Leda; Magturo, Theodora Cecile; Palasi, Winston; Rubite, Julie Mart; Cadiz, Aleyla de; Moendeg, Kharleezelle J.; Fornillos, Raffy Jay C.; Tabios, Ian Kim B.; Mistica, Myra S.; Fontanilla, Ian Kendrich C.

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105284

Cited by 25 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Philippines reported LF caused by both W. bancrofti and B. malayi from 1951 onwards. With the establishment of the National Filariasis Control Programme in 1963, the government tried to identify endemic areas (Leonardo et al 2020). Forty-six provinces (of a total of 81) had cases of LF.…”

Section: Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forty-six provinces (of a total of 81) had cases of LF. It is reported that the disease was more prevalent in adults than children, and in males compared to females (Kron et al 2000;Leonardo et al 2020). Like other countries at risk for LF, the Philippines started to combat the disease using a compendium of MDA, morbidity management and prophylaxis from 2000.…”

Section: Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is an important neglected parasitic disease according to the World Health Organization. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of human LF in Asia using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Records from 1990 to 2018 in reputable databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched using a panel of related keywords. All 48 countries of Asia were searched one by one in combination with the keywords. In all, 41,742 cases identified in this study were includedinthe analysis.Accordingtoourfindings,thepooledprevalenceofLFinAsiawasestimatedat3%(95%CI:[1.7,5.2]).Therewas no major trend in the cumulative prevalence of LF over time. Some countries in Asia including China, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea succeeded in eliminating LF as a public health problem, but others still need to monitor the disease. Based on the initiative of the WHO starting in 2000, some countries in Asia succeeded in eliminating LF as a public health problem. Other countries have taken steps to eliminate the disease with variable degrees of success. These efforts might be affected by issues such as climate change.

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Section: Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Countriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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“…As a tropical country, the Philippines is endemic to several neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) such as lymphatic filariasis (LF), schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths, food-borne trematodiases, rabies and leprosy [1]. These diseases are known to affect the most neglected fraction of society—the people living in poverty in remote areas with little to no access to clean water, quality education and proper sanitation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mathematical model of the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis in Caraga Region, the Philippines

Salonga

Mendoza

et al. 2021

R. Soc. open sci.

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Despite being one of the first countries to implement mass drug administration (MDA) for elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in 2001 after a pilot study in 2000, the Philippines is yet to eliminate the disease as a public health problem with 6 out of the 46 endemic provinces still implementing MDA for LF as of 2018. In this work, we propose a mathematical model of the transmission dynamics of LF in the Philippines and a control strategy for its elimination using MDA. Sensitivity analysis using the Latin hypercube sampling and partial rank correlation coefficient methods suggests that the infected human population is most sensitive to the treatment parameters. Using the available LF data in Caraga Region from the Philippine Department of Health, we estimate the treatment rates r 1 and r 2 using the least-squares parameter estimation technique. Parameter bootstrapping showed small variability in the parameter estimates. Finally, we apply optimal control theory with the objective of minimizing the infected human population and the corresponding implementation cost of MDA, using the treatment coverage γ as the control parameter. Simulation results highlight the importance of maintaining a high MDA coverage per year to effectively minimize the infected population by the year 2030.

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“…5 Today, the disease exists primarily in resource-poor countries with often warmer climates and it is considered a neglected tropical disease (NTD). 1,3,4,6 In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a total of 208,641 new leprosy patients worldwide, a number that has been relatively stable in the past decade. 7 M. leprae was discovered, as the first bacterium that caused disease in people, by the Norwegian doctor Armauer Hansen in 1873.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 During this period, a leprosy patient is contagious. 6 Ongoing transmission is implied by the fact that almost 10% of global new leprosy cases are children. 7 Whether colonization with M. leprae leads to infection and disease depends on the host's resistance and genetics, as well as environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>The State of Affairs in Post-Exposure Leprosy Prevention: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis on Immuno- and Chemo-Prophylaxis</p>

Schoenmakers

Mieras

Budiawan³

et al. 2020

RRTM

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Objective: Annually, over 200,000 people are diagnosed with leprosy, also called Hansen's disease. This number has been relatively stable over the past years. Progress has been made in the fields of chemoprophylaxis and immunoprophylaxis to prevent leprosy, with a primary focus on close contacts of patients. In this descriptive meta-analysis, we summarize the evidence and identify knowledge gaps regarding post-exposure prophylaxis against leprosy. Methods: A systematic literature search according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology was conducted by searching the medical scientific databases Cochrane, Embase, Pubmed/MEDLINE, Research Gate, Scopus and Web of Science on Jan. 22, 2020, using a combination of synonyms for index terms in four languages: "leprosy" and "population" or "contacts" and "prevention" or "prophylaxis." Subsequently, Infolep.org and Google Scholar were searched and the "snowball method" was used to retrieve other potentially relevant literature. The found articles were screened for eligibility using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: After deduplication, 1,515 articles were screened, and 125 articles were included in this descriptive meta-analysis. Immunoprophylaxis by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is known to provide protection against leprosy. The protection it offers is higher in household contacts of leprosy patients compared with the general population and is seen to decline over time. Contact follow-up screening is important in the first period after BCG administration, as a substantial number of new leprosy patients presents three months postvaccination. Evidence for the benefit of re-vaccination is conflicting. The World Health Organization (WHO) included BCG in its Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy by stating that BCG at birth should be maintained in at least all leprosy high-burden regions. Literature shows that several vaccination interventions with other immunoprophylactic agents demonstrate similar or slightly less efficacy in leprosy risk reduction compared with BCG. However, most of these studies do not exclusively focus on post-exposure prophylaxis. Two vaccines are considered future candidates for leprosy prophylaxis: Mycobacterium indicus pranii (MiP) and LepVax. For chemoprophylaxis, trials were performed with dapsone/acedapsone, rifampicin, and ROM, a combination of rifampicin, ofloxacin, and minocycline. Single-dose rifampicin is favored as post-exposure prophylaxis, abbreviated as SDR-PEP. It demonstrated a protective effect of 57% in the first two years after administration to contacts of leprosy patients. It is inexpensive, and adverse events are rare. The risk of SDR-PEP inducing rifampicin resistance is considered negligible, but continuous monitoring in accordance with WHO policies should be encouraged. The integration of contact screening and SDR-PEP administration into different leprosy control programs was found to be feasible and well accep...

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Current status of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in the Philippines

Cited by 25 publications

References 11 publications

Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lymphatic filariasis in Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A mathematical model of the dynamics of lymphatic filariasis in Caraga Region, the Philippines

<p>The State of Affairs in Post-Exposure Leprosy Prevention: A Descriptive Meta-Analysis on Immuno- and Chemo-Prophylaxis</p>

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