Current status of pesticide effects on environment, human health and it’s eco-friendly management as bioremediation: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Pesticides are either natural or chemically synthesized compounds that are used to control a variety of pests. These chemical compounds are used in a variety of sectors like food, forestry, agriculture and aquaculture. Pesticides shows their toxicity into the living systems. The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes them based on their detrimental effects, emphasizing the relevance of public health. The usage can be minimized to a least level by using them sparingly with a complete grasp of their categorization, which is beneficial to both human health and the environment. In this review, we have discussed pesticides with respect to their global scenarios, such as worldwide distribution and environmental impacts. Major literature focused on potential uses of pesticides, classification according to their properties and toxicity and their adverse effect on natural system (soil and aquatic), water, plants (growth, metabolism, genotypic and phenotypic changes and impact on plants defense system), human health (genetic alteration, cancer, allergies, and asthma), and preserve food products. We have also described eco-friendly management strategies for pesticides as a green solution, including bacterial degradation, myco-remediation, phytoremediation, and microalgae-based bioremediation. The microbes, using catabolic enzymes for degradation of pesticides and clean-up from the environment. This review shows the importance of finding potent microbes, novel genes, and biotechnological applications for pesticide waste management to create a sustainable environment.

Recent Developments in the Applications of GO/rGO-Based Biosensing Platforms for Pesticide Detectio

“…China was the highest consumer (1.76 million metric tonnes), followed by the US (408 thousand tonnes), Brazil (377 thousand tonnes), and Argentina (204 thousand tonnes). In another alarming statistic, WHO cautioned about an increase in pesticide use each year in Southeast Asian countries, which includes Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam [1].…”

“…It is vital to create analytical methods that can detect environmental toxins quickly, accurately, and economically. In fact, EU Regulation 2013/39/EU promotes the development of such methods with the need that they be sensitive enough to assure that any infraction of surface water EQS limits is accurately identified and quantified [1].The development of novel sensing techniques for the detection of pesticides in water, soil, and food is currently the focus of many researchers. Liquid/gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), electrophoresis, and mass spectroscopy are the most frequently used sensing techniques.…”

Microbial Detoxification of Residual Pesticides in Fermented Foods: Current Status and Prospects

“…Pesticides are biological or chemical substances intended for preventing, destroying, or controlling any pest that causes losses in agricultural and food production (raw materials and food), processing, storage, or marketing. Depending on their use, several types are known: fungicides (prevent the development of molds), insecticides (destroy insects), herbicides (used against weeds), and pesticides (repel or destroy rodents, nematodes, and mollusks) [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Essential Oils as Nematicides in Plant Protection—A Review

“…The present management of nematodes in agriculture, permitted by various national regulatory schemes, uses chemically active ingredients such as carbamate, aldicarb, oxamyl, 1,3 dichloropropene (1,3-D), among others. However, despite their immediate advantages, these chemical products pose potential risks and problematic consequences to the environment due to the application methods used and their diffusion in soil and water, with indirect effects on living organisms’ health and ecosystems, including those of humans [ 5 ]. As soon as nematicides are applied to the soil, the degradation (microbial, chemical, or physical) of chemical products begins; some soil microbes play beneficial roles because they allow nematicides to be broken down into environmentally benign molecules, while leaching or surface run-off losses are the most undesirable forms of degradation, as they may enable nematicides to enter groundwater [ 6 ].…”