Current Status of Stem Cell Treatment for Type I Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a major health concern in current scenario which has been found to affect people of almost all ages. The disease has huge impact on global health; therefore, alternate methods apart from insulin injection are being explored to cure diabetes. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the current status and therapeutic potential of stem cells mainly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for Type 1 diabetes mellitus in preclinical animal models as well as humans. METHODS: Current treatment for Type 1 diabetes mellitus mainly includes use of insulin which has its own limitations and also the underlying mechanism of diseases is still not explored. Therefore, alternate methods to cure diabetes are being explored. Stem cells are being investigated as an alternative therapy for treatment of various diseases including diabetes. Few preclinical studies have also been conducted using undifferentiated MSCs as well as in vitro MSCs differentiated into b islet cells. RESULTS: These stem cell transplant studies have highlighted the benefits of MSCs, which have shown promising results. Few human trials using stem cells have also affirmed the potential of these cells in alleviating the symptoms. CONCLUSION: Stem cell transplantation may prove to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Efficacy and safety of stem cells transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus—a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Meta-analyses of studies on SCs therapy indicated a certain potential to treat liver cirrhosis [3][4][5], chronic liver disease [6], inflammatory bowel disease [7] and ischemic heart disease [8]. SCs therapy also showed a potential effect to halt or abolish the autoimmune destruction of β cells and to generate functional β cells which could achieve optimized glycemic control in T1DM [9][10][11][12][13]. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the efficacy and safety of stem cells transplantation (SCT) in patients with T1DM.…”

Tissue Regeneration of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Porous Gelatin Micro-Carriers by Long-Term Dynamic In Vitro Culture

“…As for the culture conditions, studies on the proliferation and characteristics of the cells according to the biological and physical culture conditions may be carried out such as the components of the culture medium, the continuous supply of new micro-carrier, and the stirring speed. Mass production of diverse cells like mesenchymal stems, keratinocytes and chondrocytes [25][26][27] is expected to be employed as sources for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, blood vessels and skins by using diverse recent technologies such as 3D bioprinting [28,29], microchips, hydrogels and others [30][31][32].…”

Engineered Biomaterials for Enhanced Function of Insulin‐Secreting β‐Cell Organoids

“…Some of these well‐developed protocols require many weeks (some up to 8 weeks) of in vitro culture to achieve β‐cell organoids displaying most mature β‐cell specific markers and function. [ 67–69 ] In addition to hPSCs, other sources of cells derived from tissues, such as fetal pancreatic progenitor cells, [ 70 ] mesenchymal stromal cells, [ 71 ] or other progenitor or terminally differentiated cells (e.g., pancreatic ductal cells or hepatocytes), [ 72,73 ] are differentiated or transdifferentiated in vitro to yield insulin‐producing cells.…”