Current status, research trends, and challenges in water electrolysis science and technology

On the effect of anion exchange ionomer binders in bipolar electrode membrane interface water electrolysis

“…Even though there are many advances in all technological directions of water electrolysis, more than 96% 1 of the hydrogen produced today still originates from carbonbased energy carriers, which stresses the need for further cost optimization of this energy storage vector. 2,3 Besides mature alkaline-(AWE) 4 and proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), 5 the relatively uncharted eld of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE, Fig. 1a) is gaining more and more interest.…”

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

“…44 The availability of energy is a critical factor in the development of water splitting technology; the energy required to release one mole of hydrogen by water splitting is 7 times higher than the energy required to release a mole of hydrogen from methane. 45 2.2.1 Alkaline electrolysis. Alkaline electrolysis is the stateof-the-art electrolysis technology; it consists of two electrodes that are separated by a diaphragm 46 that permeates ions in water but not the evolved gasses.…”

“…50 Traditionally alkaline electrolysers are operated at near atmospheric pressures (0.1-0.6 MPa); however, systems at 70 MPa also exist, and these systems have the advantage that less energy is required for post-processing of the hydrogen for high pressure applications, but at the cost of reduced hydrogen purity. 51 Still there is a high cost related to electrolysis as the most efficient electrodes are made of platinum, 45 and purified water is required in the electrolysis process. 52 2.2.2 Polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis.…”

PEMWE with Internal Real-Time Microscopic Monitoring Function

“…Ferrero et al [ 21 ] studied the performance differences of PEM water electrolyzer in different water flows, and found that high pressure resulted in higher performance, and low pressure resulted in lower performance. Grigoriev et al [ 22 ] studied the operation of PEMWE at a constant temperature of 85 °C and different pressures, and found that increasing the pressure appropriately could reduce the energy consumption of electrolyzed water effectively.…”