Current taxonomy of Rhodococcus species and their role in infections

Abstract

Rhodococcus is a genus of obligate aerobic, Gram-positive, partially acid-fast, catalase-positive, non-motile, and none-endospore bacteria. The genus Rhodococcus was first introduced by Zopf. This bacterium can be isolated from various sources of the environment and can grow well in non-selective medium. A large number of phenotypic characterizations are used to compare different species of the genus Rhodococcus, and these tests are not suitable for accurate identification at the genus and species level. Among nucleic acid-based methods, the most powerful target gene for revealing reliable phylogenetic relationships is 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rRNA gene) sequence analysis, but this gene is unable to differentiation some of Rhodococcus species. To date, whole genome sequencing analysis has solved taxonomic complexities in this genus. Rhodococcus equi is the major cause of foal pneumonia, and its implication in human health is related to cases in immunocompromised patients. Macrolide family together with rifampicin is one of the most effective antibiotic agents for treatment rhodococcal infections.

First Microbiological and Molecular Identification ofRhodococcus equiin Feces of Nondiarrheic Cats

“…R. equi is a well-recognized Gram-positive bacterium that is opportunistic in nature, is characterized by various pyogranulomatous clinical disorders, and is able to infect humans, livestock, companion animals, and wildlife [15]. In humans, clinical rhodococcus has increased worldwide, and the majority of cases occur among immunosuppressed patients, especially people living with HIV/AIDS [20].…”

“…Rhodococcus equi ( R. equi ) is a well-recognized bacterium that is opportunistic in nature. R. equi infection is characterized by diverse pyogranulomatous clinical disorders in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife [15]. It is a soil-borne organism that is widespread in the environment and is eliminated through the feces of animals [16].…”

High-Starch Diet Consumption Impaired Intestinal Barriers of Juvenile Largemouth Bass (Micropterus Salmoides)

“…As emerging opportunistic pathogens, rhodcoccus have been shown to cause infections in human, animals and sh (Majidzadeh et al, 2018;Olsen et al, 2006). rhodcoccus is the most important causes of diseases such as: fulminating bacteremia in American alligator (Alligator missippiensis), pneumonia in pig and purulent meningitis in human (Cui et al, 2018;Jasmin et al, 1969;Woodroofe et al, 1950).…”

Complete Genome Sequence of Rhodococcus sp. Strain SGAir0479, Isolated from Indoor Air Collected in Singapore

“…Members of the genus Rhodococcus are naturally present in diverse temperate and extreme environments, and they can persist and grow in highly contaminated soils and waters (1). Some strains show pathogenicity for humans, animals, and plants (2). In addition, most of the described species are capable of metabolizing a wide variety of environmental pollutants, including trichloroethene, haloalkanes, and dibenzothiophene (3–6).…”