“…6,7 When integrated with biosensors, MNs are capable of detecting and quantifying metabolites, electrolytes and other clinically relevant targets. 8,9 When we apply MNs-based biosensing systems for detection of metabolites (such as glucose and alcohol), it avoids the painful blood sampling in conventional techniques and establishes a convenient and accurate detection method. For example, Wang's group has been devoted to developing MN-based biosensing system for various biomarkers, such as glucose, 10 alcohol, 11 lactate, levodopa, 12 opioid, and organophosphate nerve agents.…”