“…[24] Studies to remove inclusions from molten aluminum, copper, zinc, and silicon using AC magnetic field have been well reported and attained satisfying results, such as the studies reported by El-kaddah and Taniguchi, [7,8,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] as shown in Table II. However, there were very few studies on the purification of steel using high frequency EM separation. The possible reason for this lack is that the EM purification experiment for steel is difficult due to its high melting temperature compared to that of aluminum and copper.…”