Current Therapeutic Strategies for Adipose Tissue Defects/Repair Using Engineered Biomaterials and Biomolecule Formulations

Abstract

Tissue engineered scaffolds for adipose restoration/repair has significantly evolved in recent years. Patients requiring soft tissue reconstruction, caused by defects or pathology, require biomaterials that will restore void volume with new functional tissue. The gold standard of autologous fat grafting (AFG) is not a reliable option. This review focuses on the latest therapeutic strategies for the treatment of adipose tissue defects using biomolecule formulations and delivery, and specifically engineered biomaterials. Additionally, the clinical need for reliable off-the-shelf therapies, animal models, and challenges facing current technologies are discussed.

Comparison of adipose stem cells sources from various locations of rat body for their application for seeding on polymer scaffolds

“…Briefly, raw lipoaspirates were isolated as described previously [18]. Raw lipoaspirates were washed extensively with sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Life Technologies, USA) to eliminate contaminating debris and red blood cells.…”

“…An increasingly widespread trend for bone repair is to incorporate additional biomolecules or biological factors with scaffold material to facilitate new bone tissue formation, thus creating composite biomaterials. Multi-component materials are becoming a common approach in recent years producing interesting results [18]. Moreover, efficiency of bone repair can be increased by stimulating cells with growth factors, which induce osteogenesis i.e.BMP2, FGF2.…”

Linoleic acid supplementation of cell culture media influences the phospholipid and lipid profiles of human reconstructed adipose tissue

“…A pathological model of engineered adipose tissue could contribute to the identification of new therapeutic drug targets in area of intervention such as lipid management and inflammation. Engineering of adipose tissues has been achieved using different biomaterials including synthetic polymers, [54, 55], collagen microbeads [56], decellularized matrix [57] and collagen sponges (collagen, fibronectin) [58, 59]. The self-assembly approach we used in this study has the advantage of being composed of cell-produced extracellular matrix procuring a more native-like microenvironment.…”

In vitro tissue-engineered adipose constructs for modeling disease

“…This review aims to assess recent advances in 3D modeling for diseases centered on adipose tissue such as: obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer adjacent to adipocytes. Although 3D adipose models are also used for soft tissue reconstruction after physical trauma or tumor resections, these topics are outside the scope of disease-based models covered in this review, but are thoroughly reviewed elsewhere [6][7][8].…”