Current therapies in treatment and prevention of fracture wound biofilms: why a multifaceted approach is essential for resolving persistent infections

Blanchette, Krystle A.; Wenke, Joseph C.

doi:10.7150/jbji.23423

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…In other words, mixed infections involve complex interactions between facultative bacteria and strict anaerobes, many of which maintain intrinsic pathogenicity [33]. Based on these facts, several evidences and reports including ours encourages the use of combination therapy regimens as against monotherapy for treatment of wound infections [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infections in a tertiary hospital, Bayelsa, South southern, Nigeria

Abdu

Egbagba

Fente

2019

Trop J Pathol Microbiol

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Introduction: Infected wounds in particular, those associated with antimicrobial resistant microorganisms constitute a significant source of physical, psychological, and economic burden to patients in particular, and the society at large in terms of the huge resources spent in treating such wounds as well as time/days lost at workplaces leading to increased morbidity and mortality globally. The present study sought to investigate and identify the common bacteria associated with wound infections and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Material and Methods: A total of 130 wound samples were collected by doctors in ward using Sterile Swab Sticks over a period of 6 months from February-July 2019. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated, identified and their antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed. Results: Among 130 cases, 108 (83.08%) were culture positive for bacterial pathogens, while 22 (16.92%) were bacteriologically sterile (Negative). Rate of infection was high in males (56.15%) than females (43.85%). Of the 108-culture positive, 164 isolates were recovered of which 28 (17.07) were anaerobes, while 136 were aerobes of which 106 (64.64%) were Gram-negative species and 30 (18.29%) Gram-negative species. The predominant isolates among the facultative aerobes, were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28 (17.07%), followed by E. coli 19 (11.58%), Klebsiella pneumonia 17 (10.37%) while the least were amongst Morganella morgani, Providencia rettgeri and Serretia marcescens with 2 (1.22%) individually. Among the Gram-positive, Staphylococcus aureus 10 (6.10%) were most common, followed by Enterococcus spp 4 (2.44%), Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) 4 (2.44%) while the least were amongst Streptococcus Group B, Streptococcus Group C, Streptococcus Group G with 2 (1.22%) separately. Amongst the anaerobes, Bacterioides fragilis 16 (9.75%) is the most common, followed by Peptostreptococcus spp., and Prevotella spp with 4 (2.44%) each, while Fusobacterium spp and Veillonella spp were the least, 2 (1.22%) each. Amikacin and nitrofurantoin are the most efficacious for managing wound infections, with all the isolates being susceptible to them. Resistance was moderate to Levofloxacin (49.39%). On the other hand, resistance were above average among Ciprofloxacin (96.34%), Cloxacillin (94.51%), Ceftriaxone (91.46%), Ceftazidine (91.46%), Cefotaxime (87.20%), Erythromycin (59.15%), Ofloxacin (58.54%) and Chloramphenicol (51.22%). The least resistance shown to Gentamicin (16.46%), Streptomycin (16.46%), Imipenem (7.93%), Metronidazole (7.93%), and Piperacillin-tazobactam (7.93%). Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility test is suggested prior to administration of antibiotics for successful treatment and intermittent monitoring is also encouraged to check emerging multidrug resistant trends as a guide to health authorities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infections in a tertiary hospital, Bayelsa, South southern, Nigeria

Abdu

Egbagba

Fente

2019

Trop J Pathol Microbiol

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“…The excellent ability of PEUA-PEG 30 to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation is definitely related to its higher bulk and surface hydrophilicity which also presumably involve the exposition of PEG chains at the material/water interface, as shown by dynamic contact angle analysis. However, since the polymer does not completely inhibit bacterial adhesion, such a system should be used in combination with other anti-biofilm molecules, to maximize its performance [15,57,58]. Unexpectedly, the mechanical resistance of the PEG-functionalized polymer also improved because the presence of PEG, with benefits for the application.…”

Section: Polymermentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Bacterial Fouling-Resistance Properties of Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Polyurethane Elastomers

Francolini

Silvestro

Lisio

et al. 2019

IJMS

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Despite advances in material sciences and clinical procedures for surgical hygiene, medical device implantation still exposes patients to the risk of developing local or systemic infections. The development of efficacious antimicrobial/antifouling materials may help with addressing such an issue. In this framework, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted segmented polyurethanes were synthesized, physico-chemically characterized, and evaluated with respect to their bacterial fouling-resistance properties. PEG grafting significantly altered the polymer bulk and surface properties. Specifically, the PEG-grafted polyurethanes possessed a more pronounced hard/soft phase segregated microstructure, which contributed to improving the mechanical resistance of the polymers. The better flexibility of the soft phase in the PEG-functionalized polyurethanes compared to the pristine polyurethane (PU) was presumably also responsible for the higher ability of the polymer to uptake water. Additionally, dynamic contact angle measurements evidenced phenomena of surface reorganization of the PEG-functionalized polyurethanes, presumably involving the exposition of the polar PEG chains towards water. As a consequence, Staphylococcus epidermidis initial adhesion onto the surface of the PEG-functionalized PU was essentially inhibited. That was not true for the pristine PU. Biofilm formation was also strongly reduced.

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“…For instance, defects in MDR EP activity reduced the biofilm formation and thus, EP inhibitors have been employed as a promising biofilm inhibition approach for strains of E. coli and Klebsiella [102], Salmonella [103], P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [104]. However, certain other reports show that despite the elimination of planktonic cells through pharmacological intervention, the sessile forms are resistant and continue to proliferate within the biofilm [105]. This is more of prominence on abiotic surfaces [95], such as catheters [106], contact lenses [107] and prosthetic cardiac valves [108].…”

Section: Biofilmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategic Role Players of Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens

Mujawar¹,

Abdella²,

Lahiri³

2021

Antimicrobial Resistance - A One Health Perspective

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Over the years, tireless efforts of the concerned scientists have produced various new therapeutics and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections. However, despite the vast regimen of modern antibiotics being corroborated, the diseases caused by the Gram-positive and-negative pathogens has become untreatable, mainly due to the constantly evolving threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), thereby leading to huge morbidity and mortality. Moreover, shortage of efficient therapies, lack of successful prevention strategies and availability of only a few effective antibiotics urgently necessitated the development of novel therapeutics and alternative antimicrobial treatments. These developments have been based on the molecular mechanisms of resistance posed by the pathogens during their interactions with the host. Herein, we collate four essential bacterial components like chaperones, efflux pumps, two-component systems and biofilms which can present challenges for the most coveted control of infection. Essentially, we discuss the current knowledge status of these components to provide insight into the complex regulation of virulence and resistance for some medically important multidrugresistant (MDR) pathogens. This will help the future scientists to clearly focus on some specific proteins to be targeted by against the available class of drugs and/or antibiotics with the broader perspective to develop novel antimicrobial agents.

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Current therapies in treatment and prevention of fracture wound biofilms: why a multifaceted approach is essential for resolving persistent infections

Cited by 35 publications

References 218 publications

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infections in a tertiary hospital, Bayelsa, South southern, Nigeria

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacterial pathogens isolated from wound infections in a tertiary hospital, Bayelsa, South southern, Nigeria

Synthesis, Characterization, and Bacterial Fouling-Resistance Properties of Polyethylene Glycol-Grafted Polyurethane Elastomers

Strategic Role Players of Important Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens

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