Current therapy option for necrotizing enterocolitis: Practicalities and challenge

Wu, Huihuan; Guo, Kehang; Zhuo, Zewei; Zeng, Ruijie; Luo, Yujun; Yang, Qi; Li, Jingwei; Jiang, Rui; Huang, Zhemin; Sha, Weihong; Chen, Hao

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.954735

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Experimental results of supplementation with probiotics and potentially fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has also shown promising outcomes to treat NEC, however, appropriate donor selection, screening of FMT material, and a dosing strategy still need to be standardized (190)(191)(192).…”

Section: Treatments For Necmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating, multifactorial disease mainly affecting the intestine of premature infants. Recent discoveries have significantly enhanced our understanding of risk factors, as well as, cellular and genetic mechanisms of this complex disease. Despite these advancements, no essential, single risk factor, nor the mechanism by which each risk factor affects NEC has been elucidated. Nonetheless, recent research indicates that maternal factors, antibiotic exposure, feeding, hypoxia, and altered gut microbiota pose a threat to the underdeveloped immunity of preterm infants. Here we review predisposing factors, status of unwarranted immune responses, and microbial pathogenesis in NEC based on currently available scientific evidence. We additionally discuss novel techniques and models used to study NEC and how this research translates from the bench to the bedside into potential treatment strategies.

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Section: Treatments For Necmentioning

confidence: 99%

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

et al. 2023

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“…NEC is an acute necrotic intestinal disease caused by many pathogenic factors during the perinatal period and is characterized by abdominal distension, vomiting, and hematochezia. Currently, the main treatments include fasting, gastrointestinal decompression, antibiotics to prevent infection, parenteral nutrition, and surgical resection of the diseased intestinal segments [ 126 , 127 , 128 ]. However, children with NEC often experience long-term complications, such as short bowel syndrome, stunting, and neurological sequelae [ 129 , 130 ].…”

Section: Application Of Scs In Refractory Diseases Of Newbornsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in Research on Stem Cells in Neonatal Refractory Diseases

Huang,

He,

Zhang

et al. 2023

JPM

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With the development and progress of medical technology, the survival rate of premature and low-birth-weight infants has increased, as has the incidence of a variety of neonatal diseases, such as hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity. These diseases cause severe health conditions with poor prognoses, and existing control methods are ineffective for such diseases. Stem cells are a special type of cells with self-renewal and differentiation potential, and their mechanisms mainly include anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, reducing oxidative stress, and boosting regeneration. Their paracrine effects can affect the microenvironment in which they survive, thereby affecting the biological characteristics of other cells. Due to their unique abilities, stem cells have been used in treating various diseases. Therefore, stem cell therapy may open up the possibility of treating such neonatal diseases. This review summarizes the research progress on stem cells and exosomes derived from stem cells in neonatal refractory diseases to provide new insights for most researchers and clinicians regarding future treatments. In addition, the current challenges and perspectives in stem cell therapy are discussed.

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“…A gestational age-dependent excessive pro-inflammatory response following interaction between Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) is currently considered an important trigger for gut injury in NEC in preterm infants involving oxidative stress [ 1 , 2 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Current strategies for the prevention of NEC include antenatal glucocorticoids, early preferential feeding with breast milk, standardised feeding protocols, probiotic supplementation, avoiding formula feeding and undue prolonged exposure to antibiotics, and acid-supressing agents [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Derived Substances for Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

Mackay,

Rath,

Rao

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Inflammation, oxidative injury, and gut dysbiosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). Plant-derived substances have historically been used as therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. We aimed to review pre-clinical evidence for plant-derived substances in the prevention and treatment of NEC. A systematic review was conducted using the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library (PROSPERO CRD42022365477). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs that evaluated a plant-derived substance as an intervention for NEC in an animal model of the illness and compared pre-stated outcomes (e.g., clinical severity, severity of intestinal injury, mortality, laboratory markers of inflammation and oxidative injury) were included. Sixteen studies (n = 610) were included in the systematic review. Ten of the sixteen included RCTs (Preterm rat pups: 15, Mice: 1) reported mortality and all reported NEC-related histology. Meta-analysis showed decreased mortality [12/134 vs. 27/135; RR: 0.48 (95% CI: 0.26 to 0.87); p = 0.02, 10 RCTs] and decreased NEC in the experimental group [24/126 vs. 55/79; RR: 0.34 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.52); p < 0.001, 6 RCTs]. Markers of inflammation (n = 11) and oxidative stress (n = 13) improved in all the studies that have reported this outcome. There was no significant publication bias for the outcome of mortality. Plant-derived substances have the potential to reduce the incidence and severity of histologically diagnosed NEC and mortality in rodent models. These findings are helpful in guiding further pre-clinical studies towards developing a food supplement for the prevention of NEC in preterm infants.

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Current therapy option for necrotizing enterocolitis: Practicalities and challenge

Cited by 9 publications

References 80 publications

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis

Progress in Research on Stem Cells in Neonatal Refractory Diseases

Plant-Derived Substances for Prevention of Necrotising Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies

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