Current Trends and Approaches to Boost the Performance of Metal Organic Frameworks for Carbon Dioxide Methanation through Photo/Thermal Hydrogenation: A Review

Abstract

Because of the increasing energy demand of the growing human population, the world is facing a crisis of depleting fossil fuels as well as huge amounts of CO 2 emissions being put into the environment. Therefore, to combat these two major issues, catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation is introduced which utilizes the abundant CO 2 in the atmosphere and at the same time generates clean fuel and chemicals. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a very attractive catalyst for the conversion of CO 2 into CH 4 due to their high surface area, tunable chemical composition, high porosity, and well-ordered structures. They are also photoresponsive materials. This review discusses the various strategies and modifications implemented to further ameliorate the thermal, photo-, and photothermal catalytic performance of MOFs. Initially, three main catalytic approaches, namely thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and photothermal catalysis, are thoroughly discussed to understand the mechanism and the differences between them with their characteristics and limitations. Then, a comprehensive review was carried out on various strategies employed to augment the performance of MOFs for CO 2 methanation, such as metal addition and incorporation, MOF templating, surface sensitization, formation of heterojunctions, and organic linker modifications via functionalization. Comparisons between MOF-based catalyst and traditional catalyst were carried out to elucidate the beneficial properties of MOFs toward CO 2 methanation. The selectivity control for CH 4 production was then extensively reviewed in terms of operating parameters, type of catalyst, and reactor. Finally, the mechanism, pathways, intermediates, and adsorbed species involved for CO 2 methanation are thoroughly discussed with the help of diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analysis and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Therefore, it is clear that metal organic frameworks are highly promising porous crystalline materials for CO 2 methanation reaction and have countless possibilities for further enhancement and development to maximize the production of renewable CH 4 .

PtCu alloy cocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CH4 with 100% selectivity

“…CO is also an important intermediate product and plays a key role in the process of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 . 56–58 The adsorption/desorption properties of CO on the surface of the catalyst greatly affect the formation of CH 4 . 59,60 Therefore, in order to better understand the product selectivity of CO 2 reduction over the PtCu cocatalysts, it is necessary to further explore the adsorption and conversion process of CO on the surface of the PtCu cocatalysts.…”

Removal of carbon dioxide using zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: Adsorption and conversion via catalysis

“…Hydrogenation of CO 2 can be used to synthesize valuable compounds: (1) hydrocarbons, such as methane (CH 4 , the reaction can be called methanation), [270,274] olefins, and gasoline, or (2) other compounds, such as formic acid (HCOOH), alcohol (e.g., methanol), and carbon monoxide (CO). [10,[264][265][266][267][268][269][270][271][272][273] Hydrogenation can be promoted via electrochemical, [275] thermo-catalysis, [276] and photo/thermal [277] methods. ZIF materials are promising catalysts in terms of efficiency and selectivity among several catalysts.…”

Advances and Perspectives of Photopromoted CO2 Hydrogenation for Methane Production: Catalyst Development and Mechanism Investigations

“…Currently, as highly porous and structurally tunable light-responsive materials, MOFs have extremely promising prospects in the catalytic conversion of CO 2 . They have a large specific surface area and high porosity, which can not only be used as a gas adsorbent to capture CO 2 but also generate electron–hole pairs under light illumination to promote the reaction. − Wang et al designed an ultramicroporous Ti–MOF (MIP-208), the first MOF composed of Ti–O helical chains and the isophthalate linker as shown in Figure e, on which RuO x was deposited, and the composites exhibited excellent CO 2 conversion performance under photothermal conditions . It was revealed that the reaction followed the main operating mechanism of the photocatalytic methanation, causing CO 2 reduction and H 2 oxidation by the photoinduced charge separation state instead of a photothermal pathway by increasing the local temperature through replacing H 2 with a better electron donor and less photothermal conversion materials.…”