Current trends and future perspectives of space neuroscience towards preparation for interplanetary missions

Frantzidιs, Christos A.; Kontana, Evangelia; Karkala, Aliki; Nigdelis, Vasilis; Karagianni, Μaria; Nday, Christiane M.; Ganapathy, Krishnan; Kourtidou‐Papadeli, Chrysoula

doi:10.4103/0028-3886.259124

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Disruptions in daily activity with frequent international travel, shift work, and artificial lighting can lead to circadian rhythm disturbance [81]. Such observations become more evident when one considers potential inter-planetary travel [114]. These incidences of sleep fragmentation can alter nutritional status and affect vitamin D levels and melatonin release that may progress with oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury [6, 83,86].…”

Section: Circadian Clock Genes Neurodegeneration and Sleep Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways

Maiese

2021

Biomolecules

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Neurodegenerative disorders affect fifteen percent of the world’s population and pose a significant financial burden to all nations. Cognitive impairment is the seventh leading cause of death throughout the globe. Given the enormous challenges to treat cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and the inability to markedly limit disease progression, circadian clock gene pathways offer an exciting strategy to address cognitive loss. Alterations in circadian clock genes can result in age-related motor deficits, affect treatment regimens with neurodegenerative disorders, and lead to the onset and progression of dementia. Interestingly, circadian pathways hold an intricate relationship with autophagy, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), and the trophic factor erythropoietin. Autophagy induction is necessary to maintain circadian rhythm homeostasis and limit cortical neurodegenerative disease, but requires a fine balance in biological activity to foster proper circadian clock gene regulation that is intimately dependent upon mTOR, SIRT1, FoxOs, and growth factor expression. Circadian rhythm mechanisms offer innovative prospects for the development of new avenues to comprehend the underlying mechanisms of cognitive loss and forge ahead with new therapeutics for dementia that can offer effective clinical treatments.

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Section: Circadian Clock Genes Neurodegeneration and Sleep Disruptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways

Maiese

2021

Biomolecules

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“…The activities performed on this orbiting laboratory are precious for the astronauts training for manned exploration of space. For example, long-term microgravity may affect individuals’ physiological systems, the free-fall experience may affect sensorimotor abilities, and the multiple daily revolutions around the Earth of the ISS may have a strong impact over astronauts’ circadian rhythmicity ( Frantzidis et al, 2019 ). Together with the presence of other stressors such as constant noise, radiations, and prolonged isolation, the astronauts’ health in orbit is constantly threatened.…”

Section: Ice Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE

2020

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The recently renewed focus on the human exploration of outer space has boosted the interest toward a variety of questions regarding health of astronauts and cosmonauts. Among the others, sleep has traditionally been considered a central issue. To extend the research chances, human sleep alterations have been investigated in several analog environments, called ICEs (Isolated, Confined, and Extreme). ICEs share different features with the spaceflight itself and have been implemented in natural facilities and artificial simulations. The current paper presents a systematic review of research findings on sleep disturbances in ICEs. We looked for evidence from studies run in polar settings (mostly Antarctica) during space missions, Head-Down Bed-Rest protocols, simulations, and in a few ICE-resembling settings such as caves and submarines. Even though research has shown that sleep can be widely affected in ICEs, mostly evidencing general and non-specific changes in REM and SWS sleep, results show a very blurred picture, often with contradictory findings. The variable coexistence of the many factors characterizing the ICE environments (such as isolation and confinement, microgravity, circadian disentrainment, hypoxia, noise levels, and radiations) does not provide a clear indication of what role is played by each factor per se or in association one with each other in determining the pattern observed, and how. Most importantly, a number of methodological limitations contribute immensely to the unclear pattern of results reported in the literature. Among them, small sample sizes, small effect sizes, and large variability among experimental conditions, protocols, and measurements make it difficult to draw hints about whether sleep alterations in ICEs do exist due to the specific environmental characteristics, and which of them plays a major role. More systematic and cross-settings research is needed to address the mechanisms underlying the sleep alterations in ICE environments and possibly develop appropriate countermeasures to be used during long-term space missions.

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Digital Health in 2030: A peep into the future

Ganapathy

2023

CSIT

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Current trends and future perspectives of space neuroscience towards preparation for interplanetary missions

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways

Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Gaining Insight through Circadian Clock Gene Pathways

Sleep in Isolated, Confined, and Extreme (ICE): A Review on the Different Factors Affecting Human Sleep in ICE

Digital Health in 2030: A peep into the future

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