Current Trends and Innovative Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy

Kim, Jaechang; Maharjan, Ruby; Park, Jonghyuck

doi:10.1208/s12249-024-02883-x

AAPS PharmSciTech

2024

DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02883-x

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Current Trends and Innovative Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy

Jaechang Kim,

Ruby Maharjan,

Jonghyuck Park

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

References 191 publications

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Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy

Hosseininejad-Chafi,

Eftekhari,

Oghalaie

et al. 2024

Med Oncol

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Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy

Hosseininejad-Chafi,

Eftekhari,

Oghalaie

et al. 2024

Med Oncol

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Nanomaterial-based detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer stem cells for cancer immunotherapy

Yun,

Kim,

Lee

et al. 2024

Nano Convergence

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Nanomaterials have emerged as transformative tools for detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating cancer stem cells (CCSCs), significantly enhancing cancer diagnostics and immunotherapy. Nanomaterials, including those composed of gold, magnetic materials, and silica, have enhanced the sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of isolating these rare cells from blood. These developments are of paramount importance for the early detection of cancer and for providing real-time insights into metastasis and treatment resistance, which are essential for the development of personalized immunotherapies. The combination of nanomaterial-based platforms with phenotyping techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy and microfluidics, enables researchers to enhance immunotherapy protocols targeting specific CTC and CCSC markers. Nanomaterials also facilitate the targeted delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and therapeutic antibodies, directly to tumor cells. This synergistic approach has the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and mitigate the risk of metastasis and relapse. In conclusion, this review critically examines the use of nanomaterial-driven detection systems for detecting CTCs and CCSCs, their application in immunotherapy, and suggests future directions, highlighting their potential to transform the integration of diagnostics and treatment, thereby paving the way for more precise and personalized cancer therapies. Graphical Abstract

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Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives

Savino,

Rossi,

Fagiuoli

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Cancer immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, has positively impacted oncological treatments. Despite its effectiveness, immunotherapy is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ, including the liver. Hepatotoxicity primarily manifests as immune-related hepatitis and, less frequently, cholangitis. Several risk factors, such as pre-existing autoimmune and liver diseases, the type of immunotherapy, and combination regimens, play a role in immune-related hepatotoxicity (irH), although reliable predictive markers or models are still lacking. The severity of irH ranges from mild to severe cases, up to, in rare instances, acute liver failure. Management strategies require regular monitoring for early diagnosis and interventions, encompassing strict monitoring for mild cases to the permanent suspension of immunotherapy for severe forms. Corticosteroids are the backbone of treatment in moderate and high-grade damage, alone or in combination with additional immunosuppressive drugs for resistant or refractory cases. Given the relatively low number of events and the lack of dedicated prospective studies, much uncertainty remains about the optimal management of irH, especially in the most severe cases. This review presents the main features of irH, focusing on injury patterns and mechanisms, and provides an overview of the management landscape, from standard care to the latest evidence.

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Current Trends and Innovative Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy

Cited by 3 publications

References 191 publications

Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy

Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy

Nanomaterial-based detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating cancer stem cells for cancer immunotherapy

Hepatotoxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy: Diagnosis, Management, and Future Perspectives

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