Current trends in heat transfer computations

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Heat Transport in Superlattices, Graded Systems, and Thermal Metamaterials with Defects

“…Here, we provide a simple perspective of several problems, in a qualitative view, in order that the reader may have in mind the physical situations we are examining. We consider three geometrical aspects regarding the structure of the systems, namely superlattices (repetitive structures) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], functionally graded materials (systems with an increase of some particular property along one direction) [17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and thermal metamaterials (artificially manufactured materials with controlled anisotropy and heterogeneity) [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. We also include some material aspects related to the defects (point defects and line defects) and to the applied stress.…”

“…Superlattices refer to systems physically structured in a periodic way, at a nanoscopic, mesoscopic or macroscopic scale [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]41]. For instance, in a number of applications, alternating layers of two different semiconductors, such as Si/Ge, In x Ga 1−x As/In x Al 1−x As, and GaAs/GaAsP, .…”

“…The electrical, mechanical, and thermodynamical aspects of many kinds of materials are well-known and well-understood. In this review paper, we focus instead on the nonequilibrium thermodynamics and dynamics of anisotropic and inhomogeneous materials, with special interest on three kinds of systems: superlattices [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], graded systems [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and thermal metamaterials [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40], for which anisotropy and/or inhomogeneity have been shown to be essential to achieve some particular functionality. Such systems, which we describe below, are opening new perspectives on material sciences, either at macroscopic, mesoscopic or nanoscopic scales.…”