Current Trends in Sex, Race, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency

Poon, Selina; Kiridly, Daniel; Mutawakkil, Muhammad Y.; Wendolowski, Stephen; Gecelter, Rachel; Kline, Myriam; Lane, Lewis B.

doi:10.5435/jaaos-d-18-00131

Cited by 181 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our results support the developing body of literature that demonstrates the underrepresentation of women in surgical residencies 1,3–5,19 . Beyond residency, related works have also highlighted underrepresentation of women among practicing otolaryngologists and among higher academic ranks 18,20–22 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Recent Trends in Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in U.S. Otolaryngology Residency Programs

et al. 2020

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Objectives Our objectives were to analyze the recent trends in applicants of otolaryngology‐head and neck surgery (Oto‐HNS) residency programs, including evolutions in sex and racial/ethnic distribution within the applicant pool and subsequent residency cohort. Methods Retrospective database and literature review. Data regarding applicants to Oto‐HNS programs as well as Oto‐HNS residents in the United States from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed from the Electronic Residency Application Service, National Resident Matching Program, and Journal of the American Medical Association. Results Between 2008 and 2018, the number of Oto‐HNS residency programs and residency positions offered increased from 105 to 112 and from 273 to 315, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between applicant sex in 2008 to 2012 compared to 2013 to 2018 (P > .05), but significantly more females made up the residency workforce from 2013 to 2018 compared to 2008 to 2012 (P < .001). However, the percentage increase in female residents from 2008 to 2017 was only 6.1% (29.8% to 35.9%). No statistically significant difference was present between applicant race in 2008 to 2012 compared to 2013 to 2018 (P > .05), but significantly more minority residents made up the residency workforce from 2013 to 2018 compared to 2008 to 2012 (P < .0001). However, the percentage increase in minority residents from 2008 to 2017 was only 4.9% (35.1% to 40%). Conclusion Women and minority racial and ethnic groups continue to be underrepresented among Oto‐HNS applicants. However, the presence of these groups among current residents has increased. Understanding and tracking these national trends yearly is critical for training a diverse future otolaryngology workforce. Level of Evidence VI Laryngoscope, 131:277–281, 2021

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Recent Trends in Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in U.S. Otolaryngology Residency Programs

et al. 2020

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“…Recent literature supports our data, suggesting that racial and sex disparities affect orthopaedic surgery training. 17 18 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants During the 2021 Residency Match Cycle in the United States

et al. 2020

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“…Women comprise 17% of orthopaedic surgery faculty at academic institutions in the United States, compared with 23% of general surgery faculty and 32% of otolaryngology faculty 3 . Regarding racial diversity, from 2006 to 2015, there was no significant change in the representation of African American orthopaedic surgery residents over time, with a significant decrease in the overall racial diversity in the field 4 .…”

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confidence: 95%

Race- and Gender-Based Differences in Descriptions of Applicants in the Letters of Recommendation for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency

et al. 2020

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Background: Letters of recommendation (LOR) are an important component of trainee advancement and assessment. Examination of word use in LOR has demonstrated significant differences in how letter writers describe female and male applicants. Given the emphasis on increasing both gender and racial diversity among orthopaedic surgeons, we aimed to study gender and racial differences in LOR for applicants to orthopaedic surgery residencies. Methods: All applications submitted to a single, academic orthopaedic residency program in 2018 were included. Self-identified gender and race were recorded. The LOR were analyzed via a text analysis software program using previously described categories of communal, agentic, grindstone, ability, and standout words. We examined the relative frequency of word use in letters for (1) male and female applicants and (2) white and underrepresented in orthopaedics (UiO) applicants, with the subgroup analysis based on whether standardized (using the American Orthopaedic Association template) or traditional (narrative) LOR were used. Results: Two thousand six hundred twenty-five LOR were submitted for 730 applicants (79% men). Fifty-nine percent of applicants were self-identified as white, and 34% were self-identified as UiO. In traditional LOR, standout words (odds ratio [OR] 1.07; p = 0.01) were more likely to be used in letters for women compared with men, with no difference in any other word-use category. In standardized LOR, there were no gender-based differences in any word category. In traditional LOR, grindstone words (OR = 0.96; p = 0.02) were more likely to be used in letters for UiO than white applicants, whereas standout words (OR = 1.05; p = 0.04) were more likely to be used in letters for white candidates. In standardized LOR, there were no race-based differences in any word category use. Conclusions: Small differences were found in the categories of words used to describe male and female candidates and white and UiO candidates. These differences were not present in the standardized LOR compared with traditional LOR. It is possible that the use of standardized LOR may reduce gender- and race-based bias in the narrative assessment of applicants.

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Current Trends in Sex, Race, and Ethnic Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency

Cited by 181 publications

References 13 publications

Recent Trends in Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in U.S. Otolaryngology Residency Programs

Recent Trends in Female and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups in U.S. Otolaryngology Residency Programs

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicants During the 2021 Residency Match Cycle in the United States

Race- and Gender-Based Differences in Descriptions of Applicants in the Letters of Recommendation for Orthopaedic Surgery Residency

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