Current Trends in Water-in-Diesel Emulsion as a Fuel

Abstract

Water-in-diesel emulsion (WiDE) is an alternative fuel for CI engines that can be employed with the existing engine setup with no additional engine retrofitting. It has benefits of simultaneous reduction of both NOx and particulate matters in addition to its impact in the combustion efficiency improvement, although this needs further investigation. This review paper addresses the type of emulsion, the microexplosion phenomenon, emulsion stability and physiochemical improvement, and effect of water content on the combustion and emissions of WiDE fuel. The review also covers the recent experimental methodologies used in the investigation of WiDE for both transport and stationary engine applications. In this review, the fuel injection pump and spray nozzle arrangement has been found to be the most critical components as far as the secondary atomization is concerned and further investigation of the effect of these components in the microexplosion of the emulsion is suggested to be center of focus.

Prospects of Using Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Enhancement of Efficiency of Fluid Working Medium Preparation Technologies

“…necessarily entails a fall in boiler unit efficiency due to non-uniformity of combustion, added by additional consumption of fuel for water evaporation [16,17]. Even during combustion of fuel oil with the conditioned water content (up to 5 %) average operational excess air coefficient is found to be above the optimal by 5.5 % and average operational boiler unit efficiency drops by 0.5-1.1 %.…”

The Influence of Mass Composition of Water-Fuel Emulsion on Ecological Characteristics of a Diesel Engine

“…The greatest effect is achieved under partial loads. According to References [12,[14][15][16][17], the influence of WFEs on the emission of solid particles has been observed. There was a two-fold reduction in particulate emissions in exhaust gas when working on WFEs (30% water).…”

Emission Experiment of Intake air Humidification of a Port Fuel Injected Spark Ignition engine

“…When the engine runs with a Lean air-fuel Mixture, a three-way catalytic converter has become very ineffective for decreasing NOx [8]. However, the minimisation of NOx emissions may include other techniques including exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and water introductory technology such as direct water injection with a high-pressure injector into the cylinder, water spray in the intake multiple, water fuel emulsions [9], and steam injector [10]. The use of EGR, which reduces the concentration of oxygen in the combustion chamber that lowers the cylinder temperature but increases the emissions of HC and CO [11], can reduce NOx.…”