Current trends is screwworm myiasis in the caribbean region

Rawlins, Samuel C.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(85)90050-0

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This in turn can lead to increasing susceptibility to other diseases. Wounds can be attacked by screw-worm flies ( Cochliomyia hominivorax ) that in extreme cases can lead to death [51]. …”

Section: Impact On Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Johnson

Aréchiga-Ceballos²,

Aguilar-Setién

2014

Viruses

151

149

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Extensive surveillance in bat populations in response to recent emerging diseases has revealed that this group of mammals acts as a reservoir for a large range of viruses. However, the oldest known association between a zoonotic virus and a bat is that between rabies virus and the vampire bat. Vampire bats are only found in Latin America and their unique method of obtaining nutrition, blood-feeding or haematophagy, has only evolved in the New World. The adaptations that enable blood-feeding also make the vampire bat highly effective at transmitting rabies virus. Whether the virus was present in pre-Columbian America or was introduced is much disputed, however, the introduction of Old World livestock and associated landscape modification, which continues to the present day, has enabled vampire bat populations to increase. This in turn has provided the conditions for rabies re-emergence to threaten both livestock and human populations as vampire bats target large mammals. This review considers the ecology of the vampire bat that make it such an efficient vector for rabies, the current status of vampire-transmitted rabies and the future prospects for spread by this virus and its control.

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“…This in turn can lead to increasing susceptibility to other diseases. Wounds can be attacked by screw-worm flies ( Cochliomyia hominivorax ) that in extreme cases can lead to death [51]. …”

Section: Impact On Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vampire Bat Rabies: Ecology, Epidemiology and Control

Johnson

Aréchiga-Ceballos²,

Aguilar-Setién

2014

Viruses

151

149

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“…The apparent seasonality of myiases in feral swine mirrors prevalence patterns in livestock, which suggests that screwworms could persist in the environment by infesting feral swine alone in in Uruguay, which was documented in Florida before population control of feral swine and screwworm eradication took place. Total monthly precipitation was not correlated to myiases prevalence as has been seen in screwworm surveys in tropical countries such as Panama or the Caribbean [39,40]. However, the risk for screwworm outbreaks where domestic pigs and feral swine are present must be noted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) myiasis in feral swine of Uruguay: One Health and transboundary disease implications

Altuna

Hickner

Castro

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundFeral swine (Sus scrofa) are highly invasive and threaten animal and public health in the Americas. New World screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health as a notifiable infestation because myasis cases affect livestock, wildlife, and humans in endemic areas, and outbreaks can be of high socioeconomic consequence in regions where screwworm was eradicated. However, a knowledge gap exists on screwworm infestation of feral swine in South America where C. hominivorax is endemic. Here, we report infestation with C. hominivorax in feral swine harvested in the Department of Artigas where the Republic of Uruguay shares borders with Brazil and Argentina. MethodsMyiasis caused by the larvae of C. hominivorax were identified in feral swine with the support and collaboration of a local feral swine hunting club over a three-year period in the Artigas Department of Uruguay. Harvested feral swine were examined for the presence of lesions where maggots causing the myiasis could be sampled and processed for taxonomic identification. The sites of myiasis on the body of infested feral swine and geospatial data for each case were recorded. Feral swine sex and relative size were registered along with ambient temperature and precipitation.ResultsMyiases caused by screwworms were recorded in 27 of 618 feral swine harvested. Cases detected in males over 40 kg were associated with wounds that, because of their location, were likely caused by aggressive dominance behavior between adult males. The overall prevalence of screwworm infestation in feral swine was associated with ambient temperature, but not precipitation. Case numbers peaked in the warmer spring and summer months. ConclusionThis is the first report for South America of myasis caused by C. hominivorax in feral swine. In contrast to myasis in cattle that can reach deep into host tissues, screwworms in feral swine tended to cause superficial infestation. Feral swine present challenges to control screwworms in endemic areas. Screwworm populations maintained by feral swine may contribute to human cases in rural areas of Uruguay, which highlights the One Health importance of this invasive species-ectoparasite interaction.

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“…Furthermore, the species is highly mobile and individual flies have been recorded travelling 290 km (Spradbery, 1994). In addition, there is some evidence that flies may be carried by wind to infest new areas, as is suspected to have been the case in the re‐infestation of the Virgin Islands in 1977 (Rawlins, 1985). However, the most common way for the fly to be introduced is through the movement of larvae‐infested animals or humans, as was demonstrated by its accidental introduction into the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya in 1988 (Lindquist et al , 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%