Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia

Yabe, John; Nakayama, Shouta M.M.; Nakata, Hokuto; Toyomaki, Haruya; Yohannes, Yared Beyene; Muzandu, Kaampwe; Kataba, Andrew; Zyambo, Golden; Hiwatari, Masato; Narita, Daiju; Yamada, Daichi; Halmai, Péter; Munyinda, Nosiku; Mufune, Tiza; Ikenaka, Yoshinori; Choongo, Kennedy; Ishizuka, Mayumi

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125412

Cited by 49 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Infants and preschool-aged children are at higher risk of Pb exposure in part due to their increased body surface area, increased heart and respiratory rates, the ingestion and inhalation of contaminated dust or soil from greater hand-to-mouth activity, pica, crawling, and their low stature to the ground [19]. Exposure to Pb during early childhood that results in blood Pb concentrations between 30 and 100 µg/dL leads to the development of clinical lead poisoning, which is characterized by a severe hemolytic anemia, nephropathy, and encephalopathy proceeding to coma and death beginning at BLLs of approximately 100 to 150 µg/dL [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

Yeter¹,

Banks

Aschner

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is no safe detectable level of lead (Pb) in the blood of young children. In the United States, predominantly African-American Black children are exposed to more Pb and present with the highest mean blood lead levels (BLLs). However, racial disparity has not been fully examined within risk factors for early childhood Pb exposure. Therefore, we conducted secondary analysis of blood Pb determinations for 2841 US children at ages 1-5 years with citizenship examined by the cross-sectional 1999 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The primary measures were racial disparities for continuous BLLs or an elevated BLL (EBLL) ≥5 µg/dL in selected risk factors between non-Hispanic Black children (n = 608) and both non-Hispanic White (n = 1208) or Hispanic (n = 1025) children. Selected risk factors included indoor household smoking, low income or poverty, older housing built before 1978 or 1950, low primary guardian education <12th grade/general education diploma (GED), or younger age between 1 and 3 years. Data were analyzed using a regression model corrected for risk factors and other confounding variables. Overall, Black children had an adjusted +0.83 µg/dL blood Pb (95% CI 0.65 to 1.00, p < 0.001) and a 2.8 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9, p < 0.001). When stratified by risk factor group, Black children had an adjusted 0.73 to 1.41 µg/dL more blood Pb (p < 0.001 respectively) and a 1.8 to 5.6 times higher odds of having an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL (p ≤ 0.05 respectively) for every selected risk factor that was tested. For Black children nationwide, one in four residing in pre-1950 housing and one in six living in poverty presented with an EBLL ≥5 µg/dL. In conclusion, significant nationwide racial disparity in blood Pb outcomes persist for predominantly African-American Black children even after correcting for risk factors and other variables. This racial disparity further persists within housing, socio-economic, and age-related risk factors of blood Pb outcomes that are much more severe for Black children.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

Yeter¹,

Banks

Aschner

2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It can have devastating effects not only on the neurodevelopment, but also on the physiologic functions of the kidney and other organs, in children ( Xia et al., 2010 ; Gargouri et al., 2020 ). Studies on lead toxicology and neurodevelopment in children have suggested it can result in intellectual disability and a low intelligence quotient, which then leads to poor performance in school and behavioral disorders ( Yabe et al., 2020 ). Moreover, the kidney plays a major part in lead metabolism, and is one of the most sensitive organs to sub-acute/acute exposure to lead (besides the brain) ( Salama et al., 2016 ; Harari et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Effects of Smilax glabra Roxb. Against Lead-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Weaning Rats and HEK-293 Cells

Shi

Tian

et al. 2020

Front. Pharmacol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead (Pb) is an important environmental pollutant. Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response have been postulated as mechanisms involved in lead-induced renal damage. Smilax glabra Roxb. has been used for treatment of heavy-metal poisoning in China for 500 years. We investigated S. glabra flavonoids extract (SGF) could attenuate lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in weaning rats and human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, and investigated the possible mechanisms. Compared with Pb exposed group of weaning rats, SGF could significantly promote lead excretion in the blood and kidney, and increase the content of the renal-function indicators blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, and serum creatinine. SGF could improve the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and histologic changes in the kidneys of weaning rats exposed to Pb. SGF could also reduce lead-induced cytotoxicity, improve DNA damage-induced apoptosis and cleaved caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in HEK-293 cells stimulated with Pb. SGF significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and decreased excessive release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde in the kidneys of the weaning rats and in HEK-293 cells. The antioxidant mechanism of SGF related to activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear-factor-E2-related factor 2/hemeoxygenase-1(Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1) pathway. SGF could inhibit secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced by Pb in vivo and in vitro . The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SGF related to inhibition of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines triggered the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway through blockade of inhibitors of I-κB degradation, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings indicate that SGF could be a natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for treating lead-induced nephrotoxicity.

show abstract

“…Pb is extremely dangerous and affects the entire organism. It accumulates in different tissues and organs, causing different diseases ranging from mental retardation, brain damage, autism, and dyslexia to allergies, paralysis, muscular weakness, and kidney damage [ 27 , 49 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. Nonetheless, lead toxicity is the primary cause of disease outcome for many organs, and it even causes death [ 27 ].…”

Section: Air Pollution: the Role Played By Particulate Matter And mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb has deleterious effects in children, who adsorb this element 4–5 times as much as adult from a given source. It affects their neurodevelopment, causing mental retardation, behavioral disorders, and lowering intelligence quotient [ 59 , 60 , 64 ]. Lead exposure is also associated to renal diseases.…”

Section: Air Pollution: the Role Played By Particulate Matter And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-RNAs: Crossroads between the Exposure to Environmental Particulate Pollution and the Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Finicelli

Squillaro

Galderisi

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Environmental pollution has reached a global echo and represents a serious problem for human health. Air pollution encompasses a set of hazardous substances, such as particulate matter and heavy metals (e.g., cadmium, lead, and arsenic), and has a strong impact on the environment by affecting groundwater, soil, and air. An adaptive response to environmental cues is essential for human survival, which is associated with the induction of adaptive phenotypes. The epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression patterns of several genes are promising candidates to provide mechanistic and prognostic insights into this. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) fulfil these features given their ability to respond to environmental factors and their critical role in determining phenotypes. These molecules are present in extracellular fluids, and their expression patterns are organ-, tissue-, or cell-specific. Moreover, the experimental settings for their quantitative and qualitative analysis are robust, standardized, and inexpensive. In this review, we provide an update on the role of miRNAs as suitable tools for understanding the mechanisms behind the physiopathological response to toxicants and the prognostic value of their expression pattern associable with specific exposures. We look at the mechanistic evidence associable to the role of miRNAs in the processes leading to environmental-induced pulmonary disease (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

show abstract

Current trends of blood lead levels, distribution patterns and exposure variations among household members in Kabwe, Zambia

Cited by 49 publications

References 42 publications

Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

Disparity in Risk Factor Severity for Early Childhood Blood Lead among Predominantly African-American Black Children: The 1999 to 2010 US NHANES

Protective Effects of Smilax glabra Roxb. Against Lead-Induced Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Weaning Rats and HEK-293 Cells

Micro-RNAs: Crossroads between the Exposure to Environmental Particulate Pollution and the Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About