2021
DOI: 10.3390/foods10040821
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Current Trends of Enterococci in Dairy Products: A Comprehensive Review of Their Multiple Roles

Abstract: As a genus that has evolved for resistance against adverse environmental factors and that readily exchanges genetic elements, enterococci are well adapted to the cheese environment and may reach high numbers in artisanal cheeses. Their metabolites impact cheese flavor, texture, and rheological properties, thus contributing to the development of its typical sensorial properties. Due to their antimicrobial activity, enterococci modulate the cheese microbiota, stimulate autolysis of other lactic acid bacteria (LA… Show more

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Cited by 86 publications
(83 citation statements)
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References 288 publications
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“…The seven antibiotics tested and their concentrations were chosen according to the indications provided by the FEEDAP EFSA, CLSI, and NARMS [ 13 , 19 , 20 ] for E. faecium , a NSLAB species commonly found in ewe milk and cheese, with the highest cut-off among the microbial groups present in the cultures. Furthermore, it is considered a potential foodborne pathogen and shows a higher level of resistance compared to the other microbial species commonly found in dairy microbial consortia [ 42 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The seven antibiotics tested and their concentrations were chosen according to the indications provided by the FEEDAP EFSA, CLSI, and NARMS [ 13 , 19 , 20 ] for E. faecium , a NSLAB species commonly found in ewe milk and cheese, with the highest cut-off among the microbial groups present in the cultures. Furthermore, it is considered a potential foodborne pathogen and shows a higher level of resistance compared to the other microbial species commonly found in dairy microbial consortia [ 42 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They also have capacity to share antibiotic resistance and other determinants. Enterococci of both clinical and food origin possess genomes of high plasticity due to abundance of pheromone-responsive and broad host range plasmids, enabling them to colonize a wide range of niches and habitats and thereby both acquire and spread genetic traits, including resistance and virulence genes [25,26]. Acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance in enterococci can be mediated via mobile genetic elements such as resistance plasmids, transposons and integrative conjugative elements [27,28].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Enterococci are gram-positive bacteria and may fit within the general definition of lactic acid bacteria. With regard to safety and according to the Qualified Presumption of Safety (QPS) list from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/topics/topic/qps, Enterococcus species are neither recommended for the QPS list [1] nor have GRAS status [2], in spite of recent scientific knowledge allowing differentiation of commensal from pathogenic strains [3][4][5]. Modern classification techniques resulted, back in 1980s, in the transfer of some members of the genus Streptococcus, notably some of the Lancefield's group D streptococci, to the new genus Enterococcus [6].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Enterococci can be used as indicators of fecal contamination and have been implicated in outbreaks of foodborne illness. On the other hand, they have been ascribed a beneficial or detrimental role in foods [3][4][5]. In processed meats, enterococci may survive heat processing and cause spoilage, though in certain cheeses the growth of enterococci contributes to ripening and development of product flavor [3,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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