Current Trends of Resistance Among Gram Negative and Gram Positive Bacteria Isolated from Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: Nosocomial infections (NIs) following antimicrobial resistance becomes serious public health concern across the world. It affects the length of hospital stay and cost burden on the health care system. Rapid increase in resistance against commonly used antibiotics results in emergence of multi-drug resistant organisms. Material and Methods: This retrospective study was done at CMH Sialkot over the period of six months. All types of clinical samples were included and were processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Organisms were identified by using different biochemical tests. AST were performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: Total 402 organisms were isolated among which 57% were gram positive while 43% were Gram negative bacteria. MRSA (31%) was most prevalent in Gram positive bacteria while E.coli(50%) was found to be most common in Gram negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria showed maximum resistance against Fluoroquinolones, while Co-trimoxazole and Cephalosporins were least susceptible against Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: Nosocomial infections Because of their importance, antibiotic usage policies should be taken and implemented on a priority basis in the agenda of the infection control committees of hospitals.