Current Understanding of Acute Bovine Liver Disease in Australia

Read, Elizabeth S.; Edwards, Jacqueline; Deseo, Myrna A; Rawlin, Grant; Rochfort, Simone

doi:10.3390/toxins9010008

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…echinatus (rough dog’s tail) as a putative causative agent in outbreaks of hepatogenous photosensitisation from eight separate reports in Victoria and Western Australia (Table 2). Despite its common appearance in the non peer-reviewed literature, this plant has not been formally confirmed to be associated with an outbreak of photosensitisation [110] where controlled feeding trials have been unable to confirm C . echinatus as causing hepatotoxic damage sufficient to cause secondary clinical photosensitivity [111].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

et al. 2019

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Background Photosensitisation is a clinical condition occurring in both humans and animals that causes significant injury to affected individuals. In livestock, outbreaks of photosensitisation caused by ingestion of toxic plants are relatively common and can be associated with significant economic loss. Objectives The agents that are most commonly implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation have not been formally investigated on a global scale. To address this question, a systematic review of the literature was undertaken to determine the most common causative agents implicated in outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock in Australia and globally, as well as the prevalence and morbidity of such outbreaks. Methods A systematic database search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed case reports of photosensitisation in livestock published worldwide between 1900 and April 2018. Only case reports with a full abstract in English were included. Non peer-reviewed reports from Australia were also investigated. Case reports were then sorted by plant and animal species, type of photosensitisation by diagnosis, location, morbidity and mortality rate and tabulated for further analysis. Results One hundred and sixty-six reports qualified for inclusion in this study. Outbreaks were reported in 20 countries. Australia (20), Brazil (20) and the United States (11) showed the highest number of peer-reviewed photosensitisation case reports from this analysis. Hepatogenous (Type III) photosensitisation was the most frequently reported diagnosis (68.5%) and resulted in higher morbidity. Panicum spp., Brachiaria spp. and Tribulus terrestris were identified as the most common causes of hepatogenous photosensitisation globally. Conclusions Hepatogenous photosensitisation in livestock represents a significant risk to livestock production, particularly in Australia, Brazil, and the United States. Management of toxic pastures and common pasture weeds may reduce the economic impact of photosensitisation both at a national and global level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

et al. 2019

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“…Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a hepatopathy affecting cattle in high rainfall areas of southern Australia, including Victoria, Tasmania and south-east South Australia, with fewer reports in New South Wales and Western Australia [27,109]. Outbreaks are seasonal, occurring in autumn and less commonly in spring (Table 3) [109][110][111]. Fodder scarcity and lactation appear to be predisposing factors due to the lack of discrimination while grazing, suggesting that the toxic material is unpalatable [111].…”

Section: Acute Bovine Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fodder scarcity and lactation appear to be predisposing factors due to the lack of discrimination while grazing, suggesting that the toxic material is unpalatable [111]. Acute bovine liver disease has an acute presentation, with signs of illness developing within 12 to 24 h of introduction to a new pasture and mortalities within one to two days of clinical signs developing [27,109,111]. Short-term survivors often develop photosensitization and a rapid, marked drop in milk production [27,109,111].…”

Section: Acute Bovine Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acute bovine liver disease has an acute presentation, with signs of illness developing within 12 to 24 h of introduction to a new pasture and mortalities within one to two days of clinical signs developing [27,109,111]. Short-term survivors often develop photosensitization and a rapid, marked drop in milk production [27,109,111]. Due to the prevalence and severity of photosensitization in most cases, facial eczema is an important exclusion.…”

Section: Acute Bovine Liver Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Plant and Fungal Hepatotoxicities of Cattle in Australia, with a Focus on Minimally Understood Toxins

Manthorpe

Jerrett

Rawlin

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Plant- and fungus-derived hepatotoxins are a major cause of disease and production losses in ruminants in Australia and around the world. Many are well studied and described in the literature; however, this is not the case for a number of hepatotoxicities with economic and animal welfare impacts, such as acute bovine liver disease (ABLD), brassica-associated liver disease (BALD) and Trema tomentosa, Argentipallium blandowskianum and Lythrum hyssopifolia toxicity. Additionally, significant overlap in the clinical presentation and pathology of these conditions can present a diagnostic challenge for veterinarians. This review summarizes the current and most recently published knowledge of common plant- and fungus-associated hepatotoxins affecting cattle in Australia, with a focus on the mechanisms of toxicity and distinguishing diagnostic features. Consolidation of the current understanding of hepatotoxic mechanisms in cattle provides insight into the potential mechanisms of lesser-known toxins, including cellular and subcellular targets and potential metabolic pathways. In the absence of specific etiological investigations, the study of epidemiological, clinical and pathological features of hepatotoxicity provides valuable insights into potential toxic mechanisms and is integral for the successful diagnosis and management of these conditions.

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“…Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a hepatic disease that mainly affects grazing cattle in the high rainfall regions of southeastern Australia; primarily Victoria, Tasmania, and southeast South Australia, with rare reports outside of these areas. 8,13,20 To our knowledge, there are currently no reports of ABLD outside Australia. ABLD occurs commonly in the days to weeks following > 4 mm rainfall, with high humidity, calm conditions, and a temperature of > 12°C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and pathologic features of acute bovine liver disease in Australia

et al. 2021

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Acute bovine liver disease (ABLD) is a sporadic hepatic disease affecting cattle in southern Australia, characterized histologically by striking periportal hepatocellular necrosis. The cause of ABLD is unknown; however, the seasonality and acute presentation of outbreaks suggest mycotoxin involvement. We describe here the clinical and pathologic findings of ABLD in 45 naturally affected cattle from 13 outbreaks occurring from 2010 to 2019 in Victoria, Australia. Outbreaks occurred in herds located along the southern coastal plain of Victoria and were observed most frequently in lactating dairy cattle. Clinical signs commonly included a combination of mild photosensitization, progressive neurologic signs, and hypogalactia, which preceded death by ≤ 48 h. All affected animals had marked elevations in activities of glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. At autopsy, the most common lesions were serosal petechiae and/or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and hepatomegaly with a pronounced hepatic reticular pattern. The principal histologic lesion was widespread—severe periportal hepatocellular coagulative necrosis and erythrocyte pooling—which often extended to massive necrosis. Lesions in other organs were uncommon. Our study of ABLD suggests involvement of a potent hepatotoxin that is either directly cytopathic or requires bioactivation by periportal-specific enzymes.

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Current Understanding of Acute Bovine Liver Disease in Australia

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

The aetiology, prevalence and morbidity of outbreaks of photosensitisation in livestock: A review

Plant and Fungal Hepatotoxicities of Cattle in Australia, with a Focus on Minimally Understood Toxins

Clinical and pathologic features of acute bovine liver disease in Australia

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