Current understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in bacteria (analytical review)

Прунтова, О. В.; Русалеев, В. С.; Шадрова, Н. Б.

doi:10.29326/2304-196x-2022-11-1-7-13

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The evolution of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus is associated with high genome variability, which can consist of phages, plasmids, transposons, and genomic islands. Due to the difficulty in detecting bacterial genome changes, the contribution of transformation or transduction to antimicrobial resistance gene transfer in clinical settings or in the environment requires further in vivo studies [42,43]. The search for promising drugs is based on data on the functioning of quorum sensing (QS) systems of pathogenic micro-organisms [44][45][46], which are effector proteins from which protease toxins, adhesin proteins, proteins, and hemolysins are formed [47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Lenchenko,

Sachivkina,

Petrukhina

et al. 2024

Vet World

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Background and Aim: The pathogenesis of staphylococcal infections is mediated by virulence factors, such as enzymes, toxins, and biofilms, which increase the resistance of microorganisms to host immune system evasion. Testing and searching for standardized multi-level algorithms for the indication and differentiation of biofilms at the early stages of diagnosis will contribute to the development of preventive measures to control the critical points of technology and manage dangerous risk factors for the spread of infectious diseases. This research aimed to study the main stages of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation in in vitro experiments and to analyze the dynamics of respiratory syndrome development in chickens infected with these bacteria. Materials and Methods: Experimental reproduction of the infectious process was performed using laboratory models: 10-day-old White Leghorn chickens (n = 20). Before the experiments, the birds were divided into two groups according to the principle of analogs: Group I (control, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with 0.5 cm3 of 0.9% NaCl solution; Group II (experiment, n = 10): the birds were intranasally inoculated with a suspension of S. aureus bacteria, 0.5 cm3, concentration 1 billion/cm3. Results: Colonization of individual areas of the substrate under study in vitro occurred gradually from the sedimentation and adhesion of single motile planktonic cells to the attachment stage of microcolony development. Staining preparations with gentian violet due to the â€œmetachromosiaâ€ property of this dye are a quick and fairly simple way to differentiate cells and the intercellular matrix of biofilms. Fixation with vapors of glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide preserves the natural architecture of biofilms under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Pure cultures of S. aureus microorganisms were isolated from the blood, lungs, small intestine, liver, kidneys, and spleen after 5â€“10 days during experimental infection of chickens. Clinical signs of respiratory syndrome developed within 5â€“6 days after infection. Acute and subacute serousfibrinous airsacculitis, characterized by edema and thickening of the membranes of the air sacs and the presence of turbid, watery, foamy contents in the cavity, was the most characteristic pathomorphological sign. The signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one-sided serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed with significant thickening of fibrinous deposits. In Garderâ€™s gland, there was an increase in the number of secretory sections, indicating hypersecretion of the glands. In the lymphoid follicles of Meckelâ€™s diverticulum, leukocytes, usually lymphocytes, and pseudoeosinophils were detected. Conclusion: Hydration and heteromorphism of the internal environment of biofilms determine the localization of differentiated cells in a three-dimensional matrix for protection against adverse factors. The most characteristic pathomorphological sign was the development of acute and subacute serous-fibrinous airsacculitis when reproducing the infectious process in susceptible models. There was a significant thickening of fibrinous deposits and signs of acute congestive hyperemia and one or two serous-fibrinous pneumonia developed. Keywords: airsacculitis, avian, biofilm, pathogenesis, respiratory syndrome pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Lenchenko,

Sachivkina,

Petrukhina

et al. 2024

Vet World

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“…Резервы эффективных технологий кролиководства основаны на разработке средств специфической профилактики, в т. ч. и ассоциированных вакцин [14][15][16]. Для ингибирования избыточного роста перспективными признаны лекарственные и дезинфицирующие препараты композиционного типа действия, воздействующие на клеточную стенку и геном микроорганизмов [17][18][19]. Регулирующая значимость микроорганизмов учитывается как потенциальный механизм коррекции естественной резистентности системы «кишечник -легкие» и иммунная система [17,[20][21][22].…”

Section: результаты исследования и обсуждениеunclassified

Dynamics of morphofunctional parameters in experimental pseudomonosis of rabbits

Lenchenko,

Tolmacheva

2023

Vestn. Ross. univ. družby nar., Ser. Agron. životnovod.

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Among the most frequently reported diseases of rabbits, the main place is occupied by diseases of bacterial etiology, the pathogens of which are characterized by multidrug resistance. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of morphometric indicators during experimental infection of rabbits with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. When assessing colonization resistance of organs, the following indicators were taken into account: colonization index, ratio of the number of microorganisms isolated from nasal cavity washes, contents of cecum of clinically healthy and sick animals. Significant changes in morphological parameters (p 0.05) were revealed during the isolation of P. aeruginosa from blood, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and kidneys of sick rabbits. Overgrowth of isolates producing adhesive antigens, hemolysins, bacteriocins should be considered as prognostic markers of connective tissue dysplasia. The initiation, development, and outcome of microbial overgrowth syndrome are mediated by morphofunctional changes in compensatory mechanisms of mucociliary clearance system and colonization resistance.

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Current understanding of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in bacteria (analytical review)

Cited by 2 publications

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Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Anatomical, pathological, and histological features of experimental respiratory infection of birds by biofilm-forming bacteria Staphylococcus aureus

Dynamics of morphofunctional parameters in experimental pseudomonosis of rabbits

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