Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis

Schmidt, Alina; Strong, Cristina de Guzman

doi:10.1111/exd.14392

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…[110][111][112] AD epigenetics may also be modulated by microbial metabolites including butyric acid (BA), a fermentation product of Staphylococcus epidermidis that inhibits S. aureus growth. 113,114 In response to BA derivative BA-NH-NH-BA, human KCs increase acetylation of AcH3K9, which is accompanied by reduced S. aureus-induced production of proinflammatory IL6 and S. aureus colonization in murine skin, 115 suggesting modulation of S. aureus pathogenicity through epigenetic mechanisms.…”

Section: Immune System Defects and Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Chong¹,

Visitsunthorn²,

Ong³

2022

JAA

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common skin conditions in humans. AD affects up to 20% of children worldwide and results in morbidity for both patients and their caregivers. The basis of AD is an interplay between genetics and the environment characterized by immune dysregulation. A myriad of mutations that compromise the skin barrier and/or immune function have been linked to AD. Of these, filaggrin gene ( FLG ) mutations are the most evidenced. Many other mutations have been implicated in isolated studies that are often unreplicated, creating an archive of genes with potential but unconfirmed relevance to AD. Harnessing big data, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) may provide a more practical strategy for identifying the genetic signatures of AD. Epigenetics may also play a role. Staphylococcus aureus is the most evidenced microbial contributor to AD. Cutaneous dysbiosis may result in over-colonization by pathogenic strains and aberrant skin immunity and inflammation. Aeroallergens, air pollution, and climate are other key environmental contributors to AD. The right climate and/or commensals may improve AD for some patients.

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Section: Immune System Defects and Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Chong¹,

Visitsunthorn²,

Ong³

2022

JAA

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“…Pruritus is an important clinical feature and a major diagnostic criterion for AD [ 11 ]. Controlling pruritus is important to interrupt the ‘itch–scratch cycle’ in AD, in which itchiness causes scratching, making the lesion itchier and more eczematous [ 11 , 12 ]. Scratching behavior aggravates the severity of AD, lowers quality of life, and causes psychological stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cera Flava Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Activating Skin Barrier Function via Immune Regulation

Park

Moon

Choi

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Cera Flava (CF), a natural extract obtained from beehives, is widely used in dermatological products owing to its wound healing, wrinkle reduction, UV-protective, and skin cell turnover stimulation effects. However, its effect on AD-like skin lesions is unknown. In this study, we used a mouse model of AD to evaluate the effects of CP at the molecular and phenotypic levels. Topical house dust mite (HDM) sensitization and challenge were performed on the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice to induce AD-like cutaneous lesions, phenotypes, and immunologic responses. The topical application of CF for 6 weeks relieved HDM-induced AD-like phenotypes, as quantified by the dermatitis severity score, scratching frequency, and skin moisture. CP decreased immunoglobulin E, histamine, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin levels. Histopathological analysis showed that CF decreased epidermal thickening and the number of mast cells. CF attenuated HDM-induced changes in the expression of skin barrier-related proteins. Furthermore, CF decreased the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-13, IL-8, TARC, MDC, and RANTES, in dorsal skin tissue via the TLR2/MyD88/TRAF6/ERK pathway. CF influences skin barrier function and immune regulation to alleviate AD symptoms. It may therefore be an effective alternative to topical steroids for the treatment of AD.

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“…Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that originates from a complex interaction among various factors [1]. Atopic dermatitis is highly prevalent, affecting up to 20% of children and 1-3% of adults worldwide [2]. The disease generally classified to three types, i.e., persistent, relapsing, and adult-onset form.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite many common features in these forms, there are significant difference between childhood-onset types and adult-onset type [3]. Patients with atopic dermatitis are at high risk of developing allergic rhinitis and asthma [1,2]. Several conventional drugs including steroid, calcineurin inhibitors, and moisturizing creams, are widely, used for treating atopic dermatitis, but often they are not effective in some patients [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several conventional drugs including steroid, calcineurin inhibitors, and moisturizing creams, are widely, used for treating atopic dermatitis, but often they are not effective in some patients [1,4]. Thus, novel drugs targeting specific molecules related to T cell regulation, inflammation, and barrier function are now under struggling [2,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topical Application of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-Tang Recovers Skin-Lipid Barrier and Ameliorates Inflammation via Filaggrin-Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Interleukin 4 Pathway

Ahn

Shin

et al. 2021

Medicina

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Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effect of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-tang (GGRT) on the skin barrier integrity and inflammation in an atopic dermatitis-like animal model. Materials and Methods: The model was established using lipid barrier elimination (LBE) in BALB/c mice. Ceramide 3B, a control drug, and GGRT were applied to the skin of LBE mice. Gross observation and histological examination were combined with measurement of skin score, trans-epidermal water loss, and pH. The expression of filaggrin, kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7), protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2), thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and interleukin 4 (IL-4) was examined. Results: The effect of GGRT on atopic dermatitis was estimated in silico using two individual gene sets of human atopic dermatitis. In animal experiments, GGRT treatment reduced atopic dermatitis-like symptoms, as confirmed via gross and histological observations, skin score, pH change, and trans-epidermal water loss. The expression level of filaggrin increased in the skin of GGRT-treated mice compared to that in the LBE group. The expression levels of KLK7, PAR2, TSLP, and IL-4 were decreased in GGRT-treated mice skin compared to those in LBE mice. Conclusions: We demonstrated that GGRT restored the skin barrier and reduced inflammatory reactions in a murine model of atopic dermatitis.

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Current understanding of epigenetics in atopic dermatitis

Cited by 27 publications

References 65 publications

Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Genetic/Environmental Contributions and Immune Dysregulation in Children with Atopic Dermatitis

Cera Flava Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis by Activating Skin Barrier Function via Immune Regulation

Topical Application of Galgeunhwanggeumhwangryeon-Tang Recovers Skin-Lipid Barrier and Ameliorates Inflammation via Filaggrin-Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Interleukin 4 Pathway

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