Current Understanding of Giardia lamblia and Pathogenesis of Stunting and Cognitive Deficits in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Gutiérrez, Lester; Bartelt, Luther

doi:10.1007/s40475-024-00314-2

Curr Trop Med Rep

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s40475-024-00314-2

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Current Understanding of Giardia lamblia and Pathogenesis of Stunting and Cognitive Deficits in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Lester Gutiérrez,

Luther Bartelt

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Giardia antagonizes beneficial functions of indigenous and therapeutic intestinal bacteria during protein deficiency

Bhatt,

Arnold,

Awoniyi

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

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Undernutrition in children commonly disrupts the structure and function of the small intestinal microbial community, leading to enteropathies, compromised metabolic health, and impaired growth and development. The mechanisms by which diet and microbes mediate the balance between commensal and pathogenic intestinal flora remain elusive. In a murine model of undernutrition, we investigated the direct interactions Giardia lamblia , a prevalent small intestinal pathogen, on indigenous microbiota and specifically on Lactobacillus strains known for their mucosal and growth homeostatic properties. Our research reveals that Giardia colonization shifts the balance of lactic acid bacteria, causing a relative decrease in Lactobacillus spp . and an increase in Bifidobacterium spp . This alteration corresponds with a decrease in multiple indicators of mucosal and nutritional homeostasis. Additionally, protein-deficient conditions coupled with Giardia infection exacerbate the rise of primary bile acids and susceptibility to bile acid-induced intestinal barrier damage. In epithelial cell monolayers, Lactobacillus spp . mitigated bile acid-induced permeability, showing strain-dependent protective effects. In vivo, L. plantarum , either alone or within a Lactobacillus spp consortium, facilitated growth in protein-deficient mice, an effect attenuated by Giardia , despite not inhibiting Lactobacillus colonization. These results highlight Giardia’s potential role as a disruptor of probiotic functional activity, underscoring the imperative for further research into the complex interactions between parasites and bacteria under conditions of nutritional deficiency.

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Giardia antagonizes beneficial functions of indigenous and therapeutic intestinal bacteria during protein deficiency

Bhatt,

Arnold,

Awoniyi

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Current Understanding of Giardia lamblia and Pathogenesis of Stunting and Cognitive Deficits in Children from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 1 publication

References 93 publications

Giardia antagonizes beneficial functions of indigenous and therapeutic intestinal bacteria during protein deficiency

Giardia antagonizes beneficial functions of indigenous and therapeutic intestinal bacteria during protein deficiency

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